Foundations of Human Resource Development

Contents......Page 8
List of Figures......Page 13
Preface......Page 16
PART ONE: Introduction to Human Resource Development......Page 18
Purpose of HRD......Page 20
Definition of HRD......Page 21
Origins of HRD......Page 25
HRD Core Beliefs......Page 26
HRD as a Discipline and a Professional Field of Practice......Page 28
Reflection Questions......Page 29
2 Basics of HRD......Page 31
Points of Agreement......Page 32
HRD Worldviews......Page 35
HRD Process......Page 39
Threats to a Systematic Approach......Page 40
Ethics and Integrity Standards......Page 41
Reflection Questions......Page 43
3 History of HRD......Page 44
The Beginnings: Survival Through Labor and Learning......Page 46
100 B.C.-300 A.D.: The Influence of the Greek and Romans......Page 47
300-1300 A.D.: The Middle Ages......Page 49
1400-1800 A.D.: The Renaissance......Page 52
Apprenticeship in Colonial America......Page 55
The Industrial Era......Page 57
Twentieth-Century Influences......Page 61
Evolution of the Organization Development Component of HRD......Page 64
Management and Leadership Development in the United States......Page 69
Emergence of the HRD Research Community......Page 74
Reflection Questions......Page 79
PART TWO: Theory and Philosophy in Human Resource Development......Page 80
4 Role of Theory and Philosophy in HRD......Page 82
Importance of Theory......Page 83
Recognizing the Theory-Building Journey as Scholarship......Page 84
Philosophy and Theory Underlying HRD......Page 86
Philosophical Metaphors for HRD Theory and Practice......Page 87
Conclusion......Page 101
Reflection Questions......Page 102
5 The Theory of HRD......Page 103
The Discipline of Human Resource Development......Page 105
Psychology and the Discipline of HRD—Contributions and Limitations......Page 117
Economics—Human Capital Theory and Human Resource Development......Page 123
System Theory as a Foundation for HRD......Page 131
Reflection Questions......Page 141
PART THREE: Perspectives of Human Resource Development......Page 142
6 Paradigms of HRD......Page 144
Overview of HRD Paradigms......Page 145
Debates About Learning and Performance......Page 147
Philosophical Views of Learning and Performance......Page 148
Learning Paradigm of HRD......Page 151
Performance Paradigm of HRD......Page 154
Reconciling the Two Paradigms......Page 162
Reflection Questions......Page 164
7 Perspectives on Learning in HRD......Page 166
Metatheories of Learning......Page 167
Middle-Range Learning Models at the Individual Level......Page 175
Middle-Range Learning Models at the Organizational Level......Page 188
Reflection Questions......Page 194
8 Perspectives on Performance in HRD......Page 195
Disciplinary Perspectives on Performance......Page 196
Individual-Level Performance Models......Page 201
Multilevel Performance Models......Page 205
Reflection Questions......Page 217
PART FOUR: Developing Human Expertise through Personnel Training and Development......Page 218
9 Overview of Personnel Training and Development......Page 220
Views of T&D......Page 221
Key T&D Terms......Page 225
The General T&D Process......Page 227
Training for Performance System (TPS)......Page 228
T&D Roles and Responsibilities......Page 239
Comparison of Selected T&D Models......Page 241
Reflection Questions......Page 243
10 The Nature of Human Expertise......Page 244
The Rationale for an Operational Definition of Expertise......Page 245
The Theoretical Perspectives of Expertise......Page 247
The Formulation of an Operational Definition of Human Expertise......Page 253
The Implications for HRD......Page 256
Reflection Questions......Page 258
11 Personnel Training and Development Practices: From Individuals to Organizations......Page 259
Variations in T&D Practices......Page 260
Core T&D Practices......Page 261
Individual-Focused T&D Practices......Page 263
Group-Focused T&D Practices......Page 265
Organization-Focused T&D Practices......Page 269
Conclusion......Page 271
Reflection Questions......Page 272
PART FIVE: Unleashing Human Expertise through Organization Development......Page 274
12 Overview of Organization Development......Page 276
Views of OD......Page 277
Key OD Terms......Page 286
The General OD Process......Page 289
Action Research (Problem-Solving Method)......Page 290
Organization Development for Performance System......Page 292
Comparison of Core OD Models......Page 297
Conclusion......Page 299
Reflection Questions......Page 300
13 The Nature of the Change Process......Page 301
Definitions of Change in HRD......Page 302
Core Dimensions of Change......Page 304
Change Outcomes......Page 307
Overarching Perspectives on Change......Page 308
Fundamental Steps of Change......Page 313
Resistance to Change......Page 314
Focused Theoretical Perspectives on Change......Page 318
Stages of the Organizational Change Leadership Process......Page 331
Conclusion......Page 332
Reflection Questions......Page 333
14 Organization Development Practices: From Organizations to Individuals......Page 334
Variations in OD Practices......Page 335
Core OD Practices......Page 337
Organization-Focused OD Practices......Page 338
Work Process-Focused OD......Page 341
Group-Focused OD......Page 345
Individual-Focused OD......Page 346
Reflection Questions......Page 349
PART SIX: Human Resource Development in the 21st Century......Page 350
15 Strategies for Advancing HRD......Page 352
Schools of Strategic Thinking......Page 353
The Strategic Roles of Human Resource Development......Page 356
Adopting a Strategic HRD Perspective......Page 363
Scenario Building Plus Strategic Planning......Page 368
Conclusion......Page 373
Reflection Questions......Page 374
16 Accountability in HRD......Page 375
The Program Evaluation Approach to Accountability......Page 376
The Metrics Approach to Accountability......Page 385
Meeting the Accountability Challenge......Page 394
Reflection Questions......Page 395
17 Globalization and Technology Challenges to HRD......Page 396
Globalization Challenge to HRD......Page 397
Technology Challenge to HRD......Page 399
Reflection Questions......Page 402
References......Page 404
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The Authors......Page 454