Foundations of Health Service Psychology: An Evidence-Based Biopsychosocial Approach

Foundations of Health Service Psychology
Copyright
Preface
1 - The foundational framework for understanding human psychology and behavioral health care
	The foundational structure of biopsychosocial behavioral health care
		Science based
		Ethics based
	Translating science and ethics into behavioral health care: evidence-based practice
	A very exciting time for psychology
2 - The evolution of psychology as a science and field of professional practice
	Science, the most successful invention ever
	The nature of science
		Complexity of the phenomena
		Positivism
		Logical positivism and the deductive–nomological approach
		Reductionism
		Kuhn's historical perspective
		Popper and falsification
		Postmodernism
		Science as “the view from nowhere”
		Improvements in scientific technology
	The importance of philosophical and historical perspectives in psychology
	Historical development of research and theory in psychology
		Theoretical proliferation and confusion in the discipline
	Current scientific status of psychology
3 - Scientific foundations: understanding human nature
	The evolutionary origins of humans and human psychology
		The necessity of evolutionary theory for understanding humankind
	Behavior change and nature versus nurture in human development
		Neural plasticity
		Epigenetics
		Nature versus nurture, or simply biopsychosocial development?
	A unified scientific perspective for understanding behavioral health care
4 - Ethical foundations of behavioral health care
	A science-based biopsychosocial perspective on moral reasoning and behavior
		Irrationality in human cognition and moral reasoning
		The evolution of cooperative and prosocial behavior
	The importance of ethical theory
		The question of moral status
		Consequentialist theory
		Deontological or Kantian approaches
		Rights theory
		Virtue theory
	Principle-based, common morality approach to biomedical ethics
		Respect for autonomy
		Nonmaleficence
		Beneficence
		Justice
	Moral character—the necessary context
	Becoming more ethical
5 - Psychological functioning
	Mental disorders
	Substance use disorders
	Suicide
	Well-being and flourishing
	Importance of psychological factors
6 - Sociocultural functioning
	Demographic characteristics
	Families, relationships, and living arrangements
	Child maltreatment
	Elder abuse
	Criminal victimization and legal involvement
	Religion and spirituality
	Importance of sociocultural factors
7 - Physical health and functioning
	Life expectancy, causes of death, and medical conditions
	Increase in chronic disease
	Co-occurring mental illness and physical disease
	Quality of life and well-being
	Underlying causes of chronic disease
	Importance of physical health
8.- Development: biopsychosocial factors interacting over time
	Key features of a developmental framework
		Age-related changes in abilities
		Multiple contexts within which development occurs
		Interactions among biological, psychological, and social factors
		Developmental tasks and competence
	Attachment as a prototypical example
	Risk and protective factors
		Adverse childhood experiences
	Health, well-being, and flourishing
	Integrating the biopsychosocial dimensions
9 - Assessment
	Conceptual foundations of behavioral health care assessment
		The importance of evidence-based practice
		The importance of reliability and validity
		The necessity of a comprehensive perspective
	Basic purposes of behavioral health care assessment
	Areas to include in behavioral health care assessment
	Reliability, validity, sources, and thoroughness of assessment information
	Assessing severity of patient problems and strength of resources
	Overall evaluation and integration of assessment information
		Prioritizing problems and needs
		Overall complexity of problems and needs
	Putting it all together
10 - Treatment planning
	Treatment planning from an evidence-based biopsychosocial perspective
	Initial decisions
	Addressing severity and complexity of problems and needs
		Crisis intervention
		Level of care
		Stepped models of intervention
		Clinical practice guidelines
		Collaborative care
	Incorporating psychotherapy and counseling in the treatment plan
	Recognizing and anticipating obstacles
	Follow-up and ongoing care
	Range of alternative interventions
	The importance of treatment planning
11 - Treatment
	Conceptualizing behavioral health care treatment
		Broad perspective on treatment
		Priority on the safety and effectiveness of treatment
		Systematic monitoring of the progress and effectiveness of treatment
		Communication and collaboration with other professionals and third parties
	The safety and effectiveness of individual psychotherapy
		Is psychotherapy effective?
		Is the effectiveness of psychotherapy clinically significant? How often do patients return to normal functioning?
		Do the benefits of psychotherapy last?
		How does the effectiveness of psychotherapy compare with psychotropic medications?
		Does psychotherapy work better for some individuals than for others? Do some patients get worse?
		What factors account for the effectiveness of psychotherapy?
		How important are the skills of the individual therapist to psychotherapy effectiveness?
		If not all psychotherapy patients improve, can the number of treatment failures be reduced?
	Effective behavioral health care treatment
12 - Outcomes assessment
	Rationale for outcomes assessment in behavioral health care
	Outcomes assessment in health care generally
		Condition-specific outcome measures
		Global outcome measures
		Patient satisfaction
		Cost effectiveness
	Outcomes assessment in behavioral health care
		Content and focus of outcome measures
		Sources of outcome data
		Schedule for collecting data
		Follow-up
	Benefits of outcome measurement
13 - Public health and integrated primary care
	The remarkable history and effectiveness of public health
	Key features of public health
	Measuring the health of the public
		Morbidity and mortality
		Alternative measures
	Prevention
		Basic approaches to prevention
	Effectiveness of preventive interventions
	Integrated primary care
		Origins of integrated care in the United States
	Primary care as the de facto behavioral health care system
	Coordinated, integrated health care models
		Interprofessional training
	Improving human health and functioning
14 - A new era for health service psychology
	Implications of a unified clinical science approach to health service psychology
		Less competition and greater cohesiveness within the field
		Serving more individuals through greater integration into primary care
		Greater involvement in prevention and health promotion
		Improved treatment effectiveness
		Greater emphasis on well-being
		Changing human self-identity
		Addressing urgent challenges of the contemporary world
		Interconnectedness of all life and existence
References
Index
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