Foundations of astronomy

Cover
Contents
A Note to Students
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Here and Now
	1-1 Where Are We?
	1-2 When Is Now?
	1-3 Why Study Astronomy?
	Study and Review
Chapter2: A User's Guide to the Sky
	2-1 Stars and Constellations
	2-2 The Sky and Celestial Motions
	2-3 Sun and Planets
	2-4 Astronomical Influences on Earth's Climate
	Study and Review
Chapter 3: Moon Phases and Eclipses
	3-1 The Changeable Moon
	3-2 Lunar Eclipses
	3-3 Solar Eclipses
	3-4 Predicting Eclipses
	Study and Review
Chapter 4: Origins of Modern Astronomy
	4-1 Roots of Astronomy
	4-2 The Copernican Revolution
	4-3 Tycho, Kepler, and Planetary Motion
	4-4 Galileo's Conclusive Evidence
	4-5 Ninety-Nine Years That Revolutionized Astronomy
	Study and Review
Chapter 5: Gravity
	5-1 Galileo's and Newton's Two New Sciences
	5-2 Orbital Motion and Tides
	5-3 Einstein and Relativity
	Study and Review
Chapter 6: Light and Telescopes
	6-1 Radiation: Information from Space
	6-2 Telescopes
	6-3 Observatories on Earth: Optical and Radio
	6-4 Airborne and Space Observatories
	6-5 Astronomical Instruments and Techniques
	6-6 Non-Electromagnetic Astronomy
	Study and Review
Chapter 7: Atoms and Spectra
	7-1 Atoms
	7-2 Interactions of Light and Matter
	7-3 Understanding Spectra
	Study and Review
Chapter 8: The Sun
	8-1 The Solar Photosphere and Atmosphere
	8-2 Solar Activity
	8-3 Nuclear Fusion in the Sun
	Study and Review
Chapter 9: The Family of Stars
	9-1 Star Distances
	9-2 Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity
	9-3 Stellar Spectra
	9-4 Star Sizes
	9-5 Star Masses-Binary Stars
	9-6 A Census of the Stars
	Study and Review
Chapter 10: The Interstellar Medium
	10-1 Studying the Interstellar Medium
	10-2 Components of the Interstellar Medium
	10-3 The Gas-Stars-Gas Cycle
	Study and Review
Chapter 11: The Formation and Structure of Stars
	11-1 Making Stars from theInterstellar Medium
	11-2 The Orion Nebula: Evidence of Star Formation
	11-3 Young Stellar Objects and Protostellar Disks
	11-4 Stellar Structure
	11-5 The Source of Stellar Energy
	Study and Review
Chapter 12: Stellar Evolution
	12-1 Main-Sequence Stars
	12-2 Post-Main-Sequence Evolution
	12-3 Star Clusters: Evidence of Stellar Evolution
	12-4 Variable Stars: Evidence of Stellar Evolution
	Study and Review
Chapter 13: The Deaths of Stars
	13-1 Low-Mass Stars
	13-2 The Evolution of Binary Stars
	13-3 High-Mass Stars
	13-4 Supernova Explosions
	13-5 The End of Earth
	Study and Review
Chapter 14: Neutron Stars and Black Holes
	14-1 Neutron Stars
	14-2 Black Holes
	14-3 Compact Objects with Disks and Jets
	Study and Review
Chapter 15: The Milky Way Galaxy
	15-1 Discovery of the Galaxy
	15-2 Structure of the Galaxy
	15-3 Spiral Arms and Star Formation
	15-4 The Nucleus of the Galaxy
	15-5 Origin and Evolutionof the Galaxy
	Study and Review
Chapter 16: Galaxies: Normal and Active
	16-1 The Family of Galaxies
	16-2 Measuring the Properties of Galaxies
	16-3 Evolution of Galaxies
	16-4 Active Galactic Nuclei and Quasars
	16-5 Disks, Jets, Eruptions, and Galaxy Evolution
	Study and Review
Chapter 17: Modern Cosmology
	17-1 Introduction to the Universe
	17-2 The Big Bang Theory
	17-3 Space and Time, Matter and Gravity
	17-4 21st-Century Cosmology
	Study and Review
Chapter 18: Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets
	18-1 A Survey of the Solar System
	18-2 The Great Chain of Origins
	18-3 Building Planets
	18-4 Planets Orbiting Other Stars
	Study and Review
Chapter 19: Earth: The Active Planet
	19-1 A Travel Guide to the Terrestrial Planets
	19-2 Earth as a Planet
	19-3 The Solid Earth
	19-4 Earth's Atmosphere
	Study and Review
Chapter 20: The Moon and Mercury: Comparing Airless Worlds
	20-1 The Moon
	20-2 Mercury
	Study and Review
Chapter 21: Venus and Mars
	21-1 Venus
	21-2 Mars
	21-3 Mars's Moons
	Study and Review
Chapter 22: Jupiter and Saturn
	22-1 A Travel Guide to the Outer Solar System
	22-2 Jupiter
	22-3 Jupiter's Moons and Rings
	22-4 Saturn
	22-5 Saturn's Moons and Rings
	Study and Review
Chapter 23: Uranus, Neptune, and the Kuiper Belt
	23-1 Uranus
	23-2 Neptune
	23-3 Pluto and the Kuiper Belt
	Study and Review
Chapter 24: Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets
	24-1 Meteorites, Meteors, and Meteoroids
	24-2 Asteroids
	24-3 Comets
	24-4 Asteroid and Comet Impacts
	Study and Review
Chapter 25: Astrobiology: Life on Other Worlds
	25-1 The Nature of Life
	25-2 Life in the Universe
	25-3 Intelligent Life in the Universe
	Study and Review
Afterword
Appendix A: Units and Astronomical Data
Appendix B: Observing the Sky
Answers to Even-Numbered Problems
Glossary
Index