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دانلود کتاب Foundations in Evolutionary Cognitive Neuroscience

دانلود کتاب مبانی در علوم عصبی شناختی تکاملی

مشخصات کتاب

Foundations in Evolutionary Cognitive Neuroscience

دسته بندی: عصب شناسی
ویرایش: 1 
نویسندگان: Steven M. Platek,  Todd K. Shackelford  
سری:  
ISBN (شابک) : 0521884217, 9780521711180 
ناشر: Cambridge University Press 
سال نشر: 2009 
تعداد صفحات: 234 
زبان: English 
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) 
حجم فایل: 2 مگابایت

قیمت کتاب (تومان) : 31,000

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توضیحاتی درمورد کتاب به خارجی

Evolutionary Cognitive Neuroscience combines disciplines of evolutionary psychology and cognitive neuroscience. As a PhD student in Electrical Engineering with a personal interest and only a general knowledge in both of disciplines, I found this book highly interesting, benefited from the assignment of my current neuroscience course, to read it and honestly I learned a lot. "Foundations in Evolutionary Cognitive Neuroscience" is comprised of 8 chapters, each written by separate authors, on major topics of evolutionary cognitive neuroscience such as intelligence, language and face processing. Chapters present application of cognitive neuroscientific methods to answer evolutionary psychology questions. What I loved about this book was that although authors have mostly presented their own points of view, they have also provided reviews of previous and current works and have addressed some future works. I do not find myself in a position to evaluate existing theories or authors' hypotheses but rather tried to provide here a view of this book and my understandings. Book's first chapter, written by its editors, SHACKELFORD and PLATEK as well as AARON T. GOETZ, provides a captivating introduction to evolutionary psychology. Mechanisms of natural and sexual selection, Modern Synthesis and inclusive fitness theory are among chapter's highlighted subjects about theories of evolution itself. The chapter then focuses on evolutionary psychology. It explains psychological mechanisms such as domain-specificity and provides interesting examples of how our current thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are designed to solve everyday problems of our evolutionary past. Book's second chapter by DAVID C. GEARY, is about evolution of human intelligence the core of which is the ability to anticipate and predict variations and to devise strategies to cope with them. The author believes that the main concern is to figure out the central selection pressure that influenced evolution of human brain and mind and considers three principal classes, climatic, ecological, and social, as candidates to be chosen as the answer. Geary provides interesting information about brain evolution, introduces the concept of fluid intelligence, deliberately explains three abovementioned selection pressures and argues their role in the evolution of human intelligence. At last, he argues that social competitions and cooperation within and between groups is likely to be the answer. Book's third chapter by JAMES J. LEE, is about the role of the general cognitive factor in evolution of human intelligence which unfortunately was hard for me to read, containing a lot of jargons and complicated sentences! Briefly, Lee believes that one of the problems of studying the evolution of human intelligence is quantitative differences among individuals in cognitive abilities which changes over the course of evolutionary time. He believes that this matter is not well explored, proposes reasons for this negligence, and discusses future prospects. Book's forth chapter by H. CLARK BARRETT, explains the central principle of domain specificity, shows its manifestation in actual cognitive architectures, and explores how it can be used as a tool for the empirical exploration of mind design. Actually this chapter was also hard for me to read and understand; it was so abstract, although followed by examples where needed. In the fifth chapter the interplay of biological and cultural evolution which led to the modern language is discussed by MICHAEL A. ARBIB who approaches this matter through analysis of the recent development of two new sign languages developed by deaf communities. This chapter contains valuable explanations for general readers in its early parts as well as specific details for experts in its late part. Arbib grounds his theory of language evolution based on the mirror system hypothesis which suggests that brain mechanisms supporting language evolved based on a brain mirror system for grasping. He explains how the protolanguage might have shaped and hypothesizes that a brain that could support protolanguage could also support language through cultural evolution. The author continues by deliberately analyzing the two abovementioned communities and supporting his hypothesis. The sixth chapter by ALFREDO ARDILA, is among the fascinating and well written chapters, relating the current hypothesis on the origins of language, with the latest studies on aphasia. It discusses two basic linguistic operations, selecting and sequencing and two basic types of aphasia which disturb them respectively, Wernicke-type and Broca-type. It then mentions proposed three stages in language development: using sounds and gestures, using protowords without a grammar and using grammar. By providing various neurological and neuroscientific data about the two aphasia types, as well as children's language development and experiments with non human primates, it convincingly supports those stages of language evolution. The seventh chapter by ANTHONY C. LITTLE and BENEDICT C. JONES, is also a great one, discussing the human brain mechanism of facial attractiveness. To reach to this aim, authors review neurobiological work on both the general reward system and the model of face preference and explain their finding that these two are very much related. Authors provide two aspects that might make faces attractive: Symmetry and learning what an average face is and comparing. It is worthy to read the whole chapter but I fun to read some notes from it: "Attractive faces are rated as most attractive when eye-gaze is directed towards the viewer and when the face is smiling" or "Inverted faces are processed in a manner more similar to other objects". Book's eighth chapter, by HIDEHIKO TAKAHASHI and YOSHIRO OKUBO, is a short yet captivating chapter in which sex differences in jealousy in response to partner's infidelity and its probable evolutionary-wise explanation is discussed. Authors define two types of infidelity, sexual and emotional, and explain experiments and their results indicating that men and women show more brain activation in response to sexual an emotional infidelity, respectively, although there was no difference in the rating of jealousy by men or women. Generally I appreciated this book a lot and recommend it to any of you who are interested in either topics of Cognitive Neuroscience, Evolutionary Psychology or both. As said in the editorial review, this book is for graduate students and researchers, but I dared to read it anyway and enjoyed a lot.

فهرست مطالب

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
1 Introduction to evolutionary psychology: A Darwinian approach to human behavior and cognition......Page 11
The mechanisms of natural and sexual selection......Page 12
After Darwin: the Modern Synthesis and Hamilton’s inclusive fitness theory......Page 13
The products and byproducts of evolution: adaptations, byproducts, and noise......Page 14
Psychological mechanisms as information-processing modules......Page 16
Psychological mechanisms and domain specificity......Page 17
Evolutionary time lags and the environment of evolutionary adaptedness......Page 18
Ultimate and proximate explanations......Page 20
Discovering new topics and rethinking old topics......Page 21
Evolutionary psychology’s future......Page 24
Conclusion......Page 25
References......Page 26
The evolution of general fluid intelligence......Page 32
Brain volume and organization......Page 33
Encephalization quotient......Page 36
Selection pressures and brain evolution......Page 37
Psychometric research......Page 43
Cognitive research......Page 44
Neuroscience research......Page 46
Integration......Page 48
General theory......Page 49
General fluid intelligence......Page 54
Conclusion......Page 55
References......Page 56
Introduction......Page 67
The relationship between domain-specific modules and broad dimensions of individual differences......Page 68
The genetics and evolution of g......Page 81
Empirical prospects......Page 91
Conclusion......Page 98
References......Page 99
Introduction......Page 107
The processes that shape organismic architecture......Page 108
Adaptations imply domains......Page 109
Proper vs. actual domains......Page 111
Content domains and formal domains......Page 112
Are there domain-general adaptations?......Page 114
Reconciling flexibility with domain specificity......Page 117
Directions for future research......Page 120
Conclusion......Page 122
Notes......Page 123
References......Page 124
Conceptual frameworks......Page 127
From simple to complex imitation and the evolution of protolanguage......Page 128
“Design features” vs. “rules” of language......Page 131
Describing languages; learning a language......Page 132
Genotypes, brains, and social schemas......Page 134
Being deaf......Page 136
Home sign......Page 137
Two new sign languages......Page 138
A brief history of Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL)......Page 139
Emerging patterns of motion description in NSL......Page 140
Word order in Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language......Page 142
The emergence of the Nicaraguan Deaf community......Page 144
The influences of culture and community......Page 147
Design features vs. innate rules......Page 149
Emerging (dyadic) sign languages......Page 153
Diffusion of communicative goals, not specific constructions......Page 155
Notes......Page 156
References......Page 157
Introduction......Page 163
There are only two fundamental aphasia syndromes......Page 164
The selection disorder......Page 165
Other aphasia syndromes......Page 166
Initial communication systems......Page 168
Second stage: lexical/semantic......Page 171
Third stage: grammar......Page 172
Two memory systems in language......Page 174
The lexical/semantic system......Page 175
Origins of the language......Page 177
Conclusions......Page 178
References......Page 179
Introduction......Page 185
Cortical areas involved in reward......Page 186
Sub-cortical regions involved in reward......Page 188
General face processing by the brain......Page 189
Core system......Page 190
Extended system......Page 191
Attractive faces......Page 192
Other relevant responses: love, sexual arousal, and sex differences......Page 193
Additions to the distributed model of face perception to process attractiveness......Page 194
Ventral tegmentum and nucleus accumbens......Page 195
Extended amygdala and thalamus/hypothalamus......Page 196
Fit with general reward structures......Page 197
Part B: Examples integrating evolution, cognition, and neuropsychology......Page 198
Attraction to specific physical traits: symmetry......Page 199
Cognition......Page 200
Evolution......Page 202
Cognition......Page 203
Summary and conclusions......Page 205
References......Page 206
Sexual jealousy and mate retention behaviors......Page 215
Sex differences in jealousy in response to a partner’s infidelity......Page 216
Sex differences in brain activations in response to sexual and emotional infidelity......Page 218
Conclusion......Page 221
References......Page 222
Index......Page 226