Foundations for Health Promotion

Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgements
Part One. The theory of health promotion
	Introduction
	Chapter One. Concepts of health
		Importance of the Topic
		Defining health, well-being, disease, illness and ill health
		Well-being
		The Western scientific medical model of health
		A critique of the medical model
		Lay concepts of health
		Cultural views of health
		A unified view of health
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Two. Influences on health
		Importance of the Topic
		Determinants of health
		Social class and health
		Income and health
		Housing and health
		Employment and health
		Gender and health
		Health of ethnic minorities
		Place and health
		Explaining health inequalities
		Tackling inequalities in health
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Three. Measuring health
		Importance of the Topic
		Why measure health?
		Ways of measuring health
		Measuring health as a negative variable (e.g. health is not being diseased or ill)
		Mortality statistics
		Morbidity statistics
		Measuring health and disease in populations
		Measures of health as an objective attribute
		Measuring deprivation
		Subjective health measures
		Physical well-being, functional ability and health status
		Psychological well-being
		Social capital and social cohesion
		Quality of life
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Four. Defining health promotion
		Importance of the Topic
		Foundations of health promotion
		Origins of health promotion in the UK
		Public health
		The World Health Organization and health promotion
		Defining health promotion
		Critiques of health promotion
		The argument for health promotion
		Advocacy
		Enablement
		Mediation
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Five. Models and approaches to health promotion
		Importance of the Topic
		The medical approach
		Behaviour change
		The educational approach
		Empowerment
		Social change
		Models of health promotion
		Theories in health promotion
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Six. Ethical issues in health promotion
		Importance of the Topic
		The need for a philosophy of health promotion
		Duty and codes of practice
		Consequentialism and utilitarianism: The individual and the common good
		Ethical principles
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Seven. The politics of health promotion
		Importance of the Topic
		What is politics?
		Political ideologies
		Globalization
		Health as political
		The politics of health promotion structures and organization
		The politics of health promotion methods
		Being political
		Conclusion
		Summary
Part Two. Strategies and methods
	Introduction
	Chapter Eight. Reorienting health services
		Importance of the Topic
		Introduction
		Promoting health in and through the health sector
		Primary healthcare and health promotion
		Primary healthcare principles
		Primary healthcare: strategies
		Primary healthcare: service provision
		Participation
		Equity
		Collaboration
		Who promotes health?
		Public health and health promotion workforce
		Specialist community public health nurses
		Mental health nurses
		School nurses
		Midwives
		General practitioners
		Practice nurses
		Dentists
		Pharmacists
		Environmental health workers
		Allied health workers
		Care workers
		Specialists
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Nine. Developing personal skills
		Importance of the Topic
		Definitions
		The health belief model
		Theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behaviour
		The stages of change model
		The prerequisites of change
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Ten. Strengthening community action
		Importance of the Topic
		Defining community
		Why work with communities?
		Approaches to strengthening community action
		Defining community development
		Community development and health promotion
		Working with a community-centred approach
		Types of activities involved in strengthening community action
		Dilemmas and challenges in community-centred practice
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Eleven. Developing healthy public policy
		Importance of the Topic
		Defining HPP
		Health in all policies (HiAP)
		Health impact assessment (HIA)
		The history of HPP
		Key characteristics of HPP: advantages and barriers
		The practitioner’s role in HPP
		Evaluating an HPP approach
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Twelve. Using media in health promotion
		Importance of the Topic
		Introduction
		The nature of media effects
		The role of mass media
		Planned campaigns
		Unpaid media coverage
		Media advocacy
		Social marketing
		What the mass media can and cannot do
		Communication tools
		Conclusion
		Summary
Part Three. Settings for health promotion
	Introduction
	Chapter Thirteen. Health promoting schools
		Importance of the Topic
		Why the school is a key setting for health promotion
		Health promotion in schools
		The health promoting school
		Policies and practices
		Links with the community
		Effective interventions
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Fourteen. Health promoting workplaces
		Importance of the Topic
		Why is the workplace a key setting for health promotion?
		The relationship between work and health
		Responsibility for workplace health
		Health promotion in the workplace
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Fifteen. Health promoting neighbourhoods
		Importance of the Topic
		Defining neighbourhoods
		Why neighbourhoods are a key setting for health promotion
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Sixteen. Health promoting health services
		Importance of the Topic
		Defining a health promoting hospital
		Why hospitals are a key setting for health promotion
		Promoting the health of patients
		Promoting the health of staff
		The hospital and the community
		Organizational health promotion
		The HPH movement
		Health promoting pharmacies
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Seventeen. Health promoting prisons
		Importance of the Topic
		Why prisons have been identified as a setting for health promotion
		Barriers to prisons as health promoting settings
		Health promoting prisons
		Examples of effective interventions
		Conclusion
		Summary
Part Four. Implementing health promotion
	Introduction
	Chapter Eighteen. Assessing health needs
		Importance of the Topic
		Defining health needs
		The purpose of assessing health needs
		Health needs assessment
		Setting priorities
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Nineteen. Planning health promotion interventions
		Importance of the Topic
		Reasons for planning
		Health promotion planning cycle
		Strategic planning
		Project planning
		Planning models
		Stage 1: What is the nature of the problem?
		Stage 2: What needs to be done? Set aims and objectives
		Stage 3: Identify appropriate methods for achieving the objectives
		Stage 4: Identify resources and inputs
		Stage 5: Plan evaluation methods
		Stage 6: Set an action plan
		Stage 7: Action, or implementation of the plan
		Planning models
		PRECEDE-PROCEED model
		Quality and audit
		Conclusion
		Summary
	Chapter Twenty. Evaluating health promotion interventions
		Importance of the Topic
		Defining evaluation
		Why evaluate?
		What to evaluate
		Process, impact and outcome evaluation
		Evaluation research methodologies
		How to evaluate: The process of evaluation
		How to evaluate: Gathering and analysing data
		Building an evidence base for health promotion
		What to do with the evaluation: Putting the findings into practice
		Conclusion
		Summary
Glossary
Index