Foundations for Ecological Research West of the Antarctic Peninsula

Title page
......Page 5
Copyright page
......Page 6
Contents
......Page 7
Preface
......Page 10
Acknowledgments
......Page 12
2. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ANTARCTIC MARINE BIOLOGY/OCEANOGRAPHY PHASES OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY......Page 13
3. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 23
REFERENCES......Page 24
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 26
2. ENVIRONMENT......Page 31
3. BIODIVERSITY......Page 34
4. ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES......Page 47
5. PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES......Page 58
6. OPPORTUNITIES AND REQUIREMENTS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH......Page 61
REFERENCES......Page 64
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 71
2. PHYSICAL SETTING......Page 74
3. HYDROGRAPHIC DATA......Page 75
4. WATER MASS PROPERTIES AND DISTRIBUTION......Page 76
5. CIRCULATION......Page 78
6. THEORETICAL CIRCULATION STUDIES......Page 82
7. DISCUSSION......Page 85
REFERENCES......Page 89
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 91
3. SEA ICE CONCENTRATION ALGORITHMS......Page 92
5. RESULTS......Page 97
6. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY......Page 105
REFERENCES......Page 112
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 115
2. DATA......Page 119
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 120
4. SUMMARY......Page 128
REFERENCES......Page 130
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 132
2. LARGE SCALE DISTRIBUTION OF BENTHIC HABITATS......Page 133
3. SEDIMENTATION, HYDROGRAPHY AND ICE......Page 136
4. FINE SCALE DISTRIBUTION OF BENTHIC HABITATS: THE NEARSHORE ENVIRONMENT......Page 138
REFERENCES......Page 140
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 143
2. LATE HOLOCENE FJORD SEDIMENTS......Page 147
REFERENCES......Page 160
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 163
2. MICROBIAL ORGANISMS......Page 165
3. MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA REGION......Page 167
REFERENCES......Page 176
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 181
2. SIZE FRACTIONATION......Page 182
3. PIGMENTS ON TRANSECTS FROM THE ICE-EDGE ZONE OF THE BELLINGSHAUSEN SEA......Page 185
4. SPRING PHYTOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGE INTHE ICE-EDGE ZONE OF THE BELLINGSHAUSEN SEA......Page 191
5. DISCUSSION......Page 201
REFERENCES......Page 204
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 207
2. PREVIOUS RESEARCH IN THE LTER REGION......Page 208
3. THE DISTRIBUTION AND DIMENSIONS OF KRILL AGGREGATIONS WEST OF THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA......Page 213
4. SUMMARY......Page 222
REFERENCES......Page 223
2. LARGE SCALE PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION......Page 226
3. SMALL SCALE PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION......Page 229
4. FINE SCALE DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS IN ANTARCTIC BENTHIC COMMUNITIES......Page 231
5. VERTICAL ZONATION......Page 232
REFERENCES......Page 235
1. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE......Page 238
2. ELEMENTS OF THE ANTARCTIC MIDWATER FISH ASSEMBLAGES......Page 239
3. THE MIDWATER FISH ASSEMBLAGE IN THE LTER STUDY AREA......Page 240
4. CONTROLLING PROCESSES......Page 247
REFERENCES......Page 259
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 264
2. BACKGROUND AND HISTORY......Page 266
3. PATTERNS OF HETEROGENEITY......Page 267
4. SYNTHESIS AND DISCUSSION......Page 272
5. SUMMARY AND PROSPECTUS......Page 276
REFERENCES......Page 277
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 280
2. SEABIRD RESEARCH AND THE LTER HYPOTHESES......Page 282
3. PHYSICAL FACTORS......Page 283
4. ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS......Page 285
5. ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION EFFECTS......Page 287
6. BIOGEOGRAPHY OF PENGUIN POPULATIONS......Page 289
REFERENCES......Page 291
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 293
2. PINNIPEDS......Page 294
3. CETACEANS......Page 301
4. ECOLOGICAL SEPARATION OF MARINE MAMMALS......Page 302
5. FUTURE RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES......Page 303
REFERENCES......Page 304
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 308
3. HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS......Page 309
4. DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS OF MICROBIAL POPULATIONS......Page 311
6. OXYGEN DYNAMICS:PHOTOSYNTHESIS, RESPIRATION AND PHOTORESPIRATION......Page 315
7. BACTERIAL GROWTH AND POPULATION REGULATION......Page 319
8. DISSOLVED NITROGEN DYNAMICS......Page 322
9. EXPORT PRODUCTION AND MESOPELAGIC MICROBIAL PROCESSES......Page 325
REFERENCES......Page 331
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 338
2. PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY CONTROLS......Page 340
3. PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS AND PRODUCTION WEST OF THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA......Page 344
4. SATELLITE DATA......Page 353
5. DISCUSSION......Page 354
REFERENCES......Page 358
2. LIFE CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS......Page 362
3. ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF MESO- ANDMACRO ZOOPLANKTON......Page 367
4. ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS......Page 371
REFERENCES......Page 373
2. ECOLOGICAL PATTERNS......Page 377
3. ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN SOUTHERN OCEAN BENTHOS......Page 380
4. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN MARINE BENTHOS......Page 386
REFERENCES......Page 389
2. OVERVIEW: POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENT......Page 393
3. LEGALITIES: HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE PROTOCOL......Page 394
4. CONSEQUENCES: THE TREATY SYSTEM'S GUIDANCE FOR VISITORS AND EXPEDITION ORGANIZERS......Page 396
5. MEASURING IMPACTS: BUILDING ANANTARCTIC SITE INVENTORY......Page 398
REFERENCES......Page 404
2. BACKGROUND......Page 405
4. GLOBAL TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS TO THE PENINSULA......Page 409
5.2 Biota......Page 410
6. BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE......Page 411
7. STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE PENINSULA......Page 414
REFERENCES......Page 417
2. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE EXPLOITATION OF THE LIVING RESOURCES OF THE ANTARCTIC AND SUBANTARCTIC......Page 420
3. REGULATION OF THE EXPLOITATION OF ANTARCTIC MARINE LIVING RESOURCES......Page 423
4. RECENT TRENDS IN FISHERIES AROUNDTHE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA......Page 427
5. POTENTIAL FUTURE FISHERIES AROUNDTHE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA......Page 431
6. FISHERY - ECOSYSTEM INTERACTIONS......Page 433
7. CONCLUSIONS......Page 435
REFERENCES......Page 436
2. HABITAT STRUCTURE......Page 439
3. OVERVIEW OF TERRESTRIAL AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS......Page 441
4. PALMER LTER......Page 445
5. PALMER LTER AND OTHER ECOLOGICAL PROGRAMS IN THE WESTERN ANTARCTIC PENINSULA AREA......Page 446
REFERENCES......Page 450