Foundational Java - Key Elements and Practical Programming.

Preface
	Overview and Goals
	Organization and Features
	Target Audiences
	Suggested Uses
	Supplemental Resources
		A Note About the Code
Acknowledgements
Contents
1 The Java Story
	1.1 A Brief History of Java
	1.2 Characteristics of Java
		1.2.1 Simple
		1.2.2 Object-Oriented
		1.2.3 Distributed
		1.2.4 Robust
		1.2.5 Secure
		1.2.6 Architecture-Neutral
		1.2.7 Portable
		1.2.8 High-Performing
		1.2.9 Multithreaded
		1.2.10 Dynamic
	1.3 The JDK and the JRE
		1.3.1 Java Versions
	1.4 Java APIs
	1.5 Summary
2 Compiling and Running Java Programs
	2.1 Java from the Command Prompt
		2.1.1 Setting the Path to the JDK
	2.2 A First Java Program
		2.2.1 The MyJavaProgram Class
		2.2.2 The “main” Method
		2.2.3 Output with the System Class
	2.3 Compiling Java
	2.4 Running Java
	2.5 The Java Classpath
		2.5.1 Packages
		2.5.2 Compiling into a Package Folder
	2.6 Comment Syntax
	2.7 Using the Eclipse Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
		2.7.1 Creating a New Project
		2.7.2 Creating a New Package
		2.7.3 Creating a New Class
		2.7.4 Editing Code in Eclipse
		2.7.5 Compiling and Running Code in Eclipse
	2.8 Summary
3 Data Types, Arithmetic and Arrays
	3.1 Java Primitive Data Types
		3.1.1 Literals and Variables
		3.1.2 Literals and the Compiler
		3.1.3 Boolean Variables
		3.1.4 Unicode Characters and Escape Sequences
		3.1.5 Variable Scope
	3.2 Arithmetic and Other Operators
		3.2.1 Arithmetic Statements
		3.2.2 Increment and Decrement Operators
		3.2.3 Prefix and Postfix Operators
		3.2.4 Assignment Operators
		3.2.5 Promotion and Type Casting
		3.2.6 String Concatenation
		3.2.7 Bitwise Operators
	3.3 Arrays
		3.3.1 Declaring Arrays
		3.3.2 Initializing Arrays
		3.3.3 Accessing Array Data
		3.3.4 The Array “length” Field
		3.3.5 Multidimensional Arrays
	3.4 Precedence, Type Casting and Promotion by Example
	3.5 Summary
4 Control Structures
	4.1 Making Selections
		4.1.1 “if” Statements
		4.1.2 Expressing Conditions with Relational and Boolean Operators
		4.1.3 Using Selection: The CoinExample Class
		4.1.4 The DieExample Class
		4.1.5 Writing Test Code
		4.1.6 “switch” Statements
			4.1.6.1 A “switch” Example: The Dice Man
			4.1.6.2 “break” and “continue”
		4.1.7 The “switch” Expression
		4.1.8 The Ternary Operator
	4.2 Iteration
		4.2.1 “while” and “do…while” Loops
			4.2.1.1 A “do…while” Example
		4.2.2 “for” Loops
			4.2.2.1 Iteration with a “for” Loop
			4.2.2.2 “for” Loops and Arrays
			4.2.2.3 Iterating Through the Array Passed to “Main”
			4.2.2.4 Multiple Initializations and Actions
	4.3 Summary
5 Creating Objects
	5.1 Classes and Objects
		5.1.1 Object Creation—Constructors
	5.2 Classes and Methods for String Data
		5.2.1 The String Class
		5.2.2 Long Strings and Text Blocks
		5.2.3 String Builders
		5.2.4 String Buffers
		5.2.5 The “toString” Method
	5.3 References and Memory
		5.3.1 Garbage Collection
		5.3.2 Object Equality
		5.3.3 String Concatenation and Memory
	5.4 Java Library Packages
		5.4.1 Importing Classes
		5.4.2 Wild Cards and Multiple Imports
		5.4.3 Modules, Packages and Sub Packages
		5.4.4 Managing Imports with Eclipse
	5.5 Using Javadoc
		5.5.1 Viewing Javadoc in Eclipse
	5.6 Summary
6 Creating Domain Classes
	6.1 Object Orientation and Domain Objects
		6.1.1 Clock Objects in the Real World
		6.1.2 Encapsulation and Information Hiding
		6.1.3 Object Identity
	6.2 Creating New Classes
		6.2.1 Adding Fields to a Class
		6.2.2 Adding Methods to a Class
	6.3 Constructors
		6.3.1 Overloaded Constructors
		6.3.2 Chaining Constructors
		6.3.3 Internal Encapsulation in Constructors
	6.4 Access Modifiers
	6.5 Javadoc and Code Comments
		6.5.1 Creating Javadoc in Eclipse
		6.5.2 Running Javadoc from the Command Line
	6.6 Types of Method
	6.7 Class Reuse
	6.8 Static Fields and Methods
		6.8.1 Static Methods
		6.8.2 Invoking Static Methods
		6.8.3 Static Final Fields
		6.8.4 Static Methods in Java Library Classes
	6.9 Objects as Java Bean Components
		6.9.1 Reflection
	6.10 The “var” Keyword
	6.11 Summary
7 Objects Working Together: Association, Aggregation and Composition
	7.1 Aggregations as Collections
	7.2 Message Passing
		7.2.1 Object Association
		7.2.2 Association Direction
		7.2.3 Implementing Associations
	7.3 Associating Objects: The Snakes and Ladders Game
		7.3.1 The Snakes and Ladders Game Source Code
			7.3.1.1 Package Visibility
			7.3.1.2 The Snake and Ladder Classes
			7.3.1.3 The BoardSquare Class
			7.3.1.4 The GameBoard Class
			7.3.1.5 The Snakes and Ladders Class
		7.3.2 When to Create Objects
	7.4 Association, Aggregation or Composition?
		7.4.1 Aggregation Example
	7.5 Composition
		7.5.1 Logic Gates
		7.5.2 Half Adder Components
	7.6 Summary
8 Inheritance, Polymorphism and Interfaces
	8.1 Abstraction
		8.1.1 Inheritance
		8.1.2 Polymorphism
		8.1.3 The Relationship Between Inheritance and Polymorphism
	8.2 Inheriting from the Object Class
		8.2.1 Overriding the “toString” Method
		8.2.2 Overriding the “equals” Method
		8.2.3 Overriding the “hashCode” Method
		8.2.4 Generating “hashCode” and “equals” Methods in Eclipse
		8.2.5 The @Override Annotation
	8.3 An Inheritance Hierarchy Using Abstraction
		8.3.1 Abstract Classes
		8.3.2 Protected Visibility and Inheritance
		8.3.3 Creating Subclasses
		8.3.4 Calling Superclass Constructors
		8.3.5 Adding Further Subclasses
	8.4 Dynamic Binding and Abstract Methods
		8.4.1 Using Polymorphic Methods
	8.5 Interfaces
		8.5.1 Naming Interfaces
		8.5.2 Implementing an Interface
		8.5.3 Further Aspects of Interfaces
	8.6 Lambda Expressions
		8.6.1 Lambda Expression Syntax
	8.7 Summary
9 Exception Handling
	9.1 Java Exceptions
		9.1.1 The Exception Handling Hierarchy
		9.1.2 Checked and Unchecked Exceptions
		9.1.3 Exception Handling Keywords
	9.2 Handling Checked Exceptions
		9.2.1 Catching Exceptions: “try” and “catch”
	9.3 Handling Unchecked Exceptions
		9.3.1 Exiting
	9.4 Catching Multiple Exceptions
		9.4.1 Ordering Multiple “catch” Blocks
	9.5 Throwing an Exception with “throw”
		9.5.1 Delegating Responsibility
	9.6 Writing and Using Custom Exceptions
		9.6.1 Throwing a Custom Exception
		9.6.2 “finally” Blocks
		9.6.3 “try-with-resources”
		9.6.4 Re-Throwing Custom Exceptions
	9.7 Optional: An Alternative to “null”
	9.8 Summary
10 Unit Testing with JUnit
	10.1 The JUnit Test Framework
		10.1.1 Using JUnit with Eclipse
	10.2 Test Cases and Units Under Test
		10.2.1 Creating a JUnit Test Case
		10.2.2 Required Imports
		10.2.3 Writing Test Methods
		10.2.4 The Eclipse Test Runner
	10.3 Types of Assertions
		10.3.1 Asserting Floating-Point Equality
		10.3.2 Object Equality
		10.3.3 Other Assertions
	10.4 Exceptions and Timeouts
	10.5 Forcing Failures
	10.6 Arranging a Test with @BeforeEach and @AfterEach Methods
		10.6.1 The 3A Pattern
		10.6.2 @BeforeAll and @AfterAll Methods
	10.7 Writing a Test Suite
	10.8 Summary
11 Exploring the Java Libraries
	11.1 Frequently Used Classes in the “java.lang” Package
		11.1.1 The java.lang.Object Class
			11.1.1.1 The “finalize” Method
			11.1.1.2 The “clone” Method
		11.1.2 The java.lang.Math Class
		11.1.3 The java.lang.System Class
		11.1.4 Wrapper Classes
	11.2 Classes in the “java.util” Package
		11.2.1 Factory Methods
		11.2.2 The Locale Class
		11.2.3 The Currency Class
	11.3 NumberFormat Classes in the “java.text” Package
		11.3.1 Formatting Numbers
		11.3.2 Formatting Currencies
		11.3.3 Parsing Numbers
		11.3.4 Parsing Currencies
	11.4 Dates and Times in the “java.time” Package
		11.4.1 The LocalDate Class
		11.4.2 The LocalTime Class
		11.4.3 The LocalDateTime Class
		11.4.4 Formatting Dates and Times
		11.4.5 Parsing Dates
	11.5 Summary
12 The Collections Framework and Generics
	12.1 Objects that Contain Objects
		12.1.1 Associations and Collections
	12.2 The Core Collection Interfaces
		12.2.1 Partial Implementations of the Core Interfaces
		12.2.2 Concrete Implementations of the Core Interfaces
		12.2.3 Legacy Classes
	12.3 Typesafe Collections with Generics
	12.4 A Concrete Collection Class: The ArrayList
		12.4.1 Adding and Retrieving Objects
		12.4.2 Wrapping and Autoboxing
		12.4.3 Iterators
			12.4.3.1 ListIterator
			12.4.3.2 Enhanced “for” Loop
			12.4.3.3 Lambda Expressions
		12.4.4 An ArrayList of Module Objects
		12.4.5 Unmodifiable Collections
	12.5 Maps
		12.5.1 Map Views
		12.5.2 Using a TreeMap
	12.6 Utility Classes
		12.6.1 Comparing Objects with the Comparable Interface
		12.6.2 The Collections Class
		12.6.3 Creating a Comparator
	12.7 Generics and Inheritance
		12.7.1 Specifying Bounds
	12.8 Collection Streams
	12.9 Summary
13 Input and Output Streams
	13.1 Java Stream Classes
		13.1.1 Different Types of Stream
	13.2 Byte Streams
		13.2.1 Streaming Bytes to and from Files
	13.3 Filter Streams
	13.4 Readers and Writers
		13.4.1 Buffered Readers and Writers
	13.5 PrintStreams and PrintWriters
	13.6 The File Class
	13.7 Streaming Objects
		13.7.1 The “instanceof” Operator
		13.7.2 Serializing Course Objects
	13.8 The New IO Library
		13.8.1 Buffer Classes
			13.8.1.1 ByteBuffers
		13.8.2 File Channels
			13.8.2.1 Reading from a Channel
		13.8.3 View Buffers
		13.8.4 Charsets and String Data
	13.9 Summary
14 Automatic Building and Testing with Ant
	14.1 Using Ant in Eclipse
	14.2 The Ant Build File—“build.xml”
		14.2.1 Ant Properties
		14.2.2 Tasks and Targets
	14.3 Running an Ant Build File in Eclipse
	14.4 Packaging Code with the Ant “jar” Task
		14.4.1 Target Dependencies
	14.5 Running Code, Forking and Classpaths
	14.6 Running Tests
		14.6.1 Setting the Classpath with a “path” Element
		14.6.2 Running Tests with the “junitlaucher” and “test” Elements
	14.7 Installing and Configuring Ant Outside Eclipse
	14.8 Summary
15 Java and the Database (JDBC)
	15.1 An Example Database
	15.2 Using MySQL
		15.2.1 Creating a New Database
		15.2.2 Generating Primary Keys
		15.2.3 Using a DDL Script
		15.2.4 Viewing Table Schema
		15.2.5 Creating an Authorized MySQL User
	15.3 Java Database Access with JDBC
		15.3.1 JDBC Drivers
		15.3.2 Making a Two-Tier Connection
	15.4 SQL Exceptions
	15.5 Executing SQL Queries and Updates Using JDBC
		15.5.1 Processing ResultSets
		15.5.2 Updating Records
	15.6 Using Prepared Statements
	15.7 Summary
16 Multithreading
	16.1 Creating and Running a Thread
		16.1.1 Thread States
	16.2 Running Multiple Threads
	16.3 Thread Priority
		16.3.1 Setting Thread Priority
		16.3.2 Yielding
	16.4 Implementing the Runnable Interface
	16.5 Synchronizing Threads
		16.5.1 Monitors and Synchronization
		16.5.2 “wait”, “notify” and “notifyAll”
	16.6 Synchronized Code Example
		16.6.1 The Sensor Class
		16.6.2 The Analyzer Class
	16.7 Concurrent Collections
	16.8 Summary
17 Building GUIs with the JFC Swing Library
	17.1 Components, Containers and Frames
	17.2 Creating a Main Window Frame
		17.2.1 Setting the JFrame’s Title
		17.2.2 Selecting the JFrame’s Closing Behavior
		17.2.3 Sizing the JFrame
		17.2.4 Showing the JFrame
	17.3 Swing Component Classes
		17.3.1 The JLabel Class
		17.3.2 Adding Components to a Frame
		17.3.3 Manually Positioning and Sizing Components
		17.3.4 Common Methods of Component and JComponent
		17.3.5 The JTextField Class
		17.3.6 The JButton Class
			17.3.6.1 Placing Components Using “SetBounds”
	17.4 Colors, Fonts and Icons
		17.4.1 Setting Colors
		17.4.2 Setting Fonts
		17.4.3 Font Style and Size
		17.4.4 Icons on Labels and Buttons
	17.5 Some Additional Components
		17.5.1 JTextArea
		17.5.2 CheckBoxes and Radio Buttons
		17.5.3 JComboBox
		17.5.4 JSlider
		17.5.5 JPanel
	17.6 Setting the Look and Feel
	17.7 Layout Managers
		17.7.1 BorderLayout
			17.7.1.1 BorderLayout Constraints
		17.7.2 FlowLayout
			17.7.2.1 Adding a FlowLayout JPanel to a JFrame
		17.7.3 FlowLayout Constraints
		17.7.4 GridLayout
	17.8 Summary
18 Event-Driven Programming
	18.1 Event Listeners
	18.2 Event Classes
	18.3 EventListener Interfaces
		18.3.1 A JButton ActionListener
		18.3.2 Adding a Listener
	18.4 Multiple Action and Focus Listeners
	18.5 Responding to Mouse Events
		18.5.1 Mouse Listener Events
		18.5.2 Mouse Motion Events
	18.6 Event Handlers as Inner Classes
		18.6.1 Implementing a DieListener
		18.6.2 Inner Classes
		18.6.3 Local Inner Classes
		18.6.4 Anonymous Inner Classes
		18.6.5 Lambda Expressions as Event Handlers
	18.7 JPanel Subclasses and Multi-panel Layouts
		18.7.1 The GridBagLayout
			18.7.1.1 The “gridx” and “gridy” Constraints
			18.7.1.2 The “gridwidth” and “gridheight” Constraints
			18.7.1.3 The “fill” Constraint
			18.7.1.4 The “insets” Constraint
			18.7.1.5 The “ipadx” and “ipady” Constraints
			18.7.1.6 The “anchor” Constraint
			18.7.1.7 The “weightx” and “weighty” Constraints
	18.8 Separating the “Model” from the “View”
		18.8.1 The Model Class: FlightDistances
		18.8.2 The View Class: DistanceViewer
	18.9 Summary
19 Dialogs and Menus, Models and Views
	19.1 Predefined Dialogs in Swing
		19.1.1 Message Box Dialogs Using JOptionPane
		19.1.2 File Chooser Dialogs Using JFileChooser
		19.1.3 Color Chooser Dialogs Using JColorChooser
	19.2 Custom Dialogs with JDialog
	19.3 Using Menus
		19.3.1 Adding a Menu to a Frame
		19.3.2 Menu Enhancement: Separators, Mnemonics and Accelerators
			19.3.2.1 Menu Separators
			19.3.2.2 Mnemonics
			19.3.2.3 Keyboard Accelerators
		19.3.3 MenuListeners
	19.4 Model View Controller in Swing Components
		19.4.1 Model and View in JTextPane Components
			19.4.1.1 Adding a Document
			19.4.1.2 Text Styling with AttributeSets
			19.4.1.3 Presenting Read-Only Text
		19.4.2 Model and View in the JTable Component
			19.4.2.1 Implementing the TableModel Interface
			19.4.2.2 Creating a JTable View
	19.5 Summary
20 Java Web Servers and the HttpClient
	20.1 Web Browsers, URLs and HTML Pages
		20.1.1 URLs
			20.1.1.1 The HTTP Protocol
			20.1.1.2 The Server Address
			20.1.1.3 The Path and Resource Name
		20.1.2 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
	20.2 Setting Up a Tomcat Server
		20.2.1 Installing and Starting Tomcat
		20.2.2 The “localhost” URL and Port Number
	20.3 Deploying a Web Application to Tomcat
		20.3.1 XML Deployment Descriptors
		20.3.2 Deploying to the Server
			20.3.2.1 Deploying the WAR File with Ant
	20.4 The HttpClient Class
		20.4.1 Reading HTML into a Swing HTMLEditorKit
		20.4.2 Reading JSON Web Services
			20.4.2.1 Processing a JSON Web Service with the HttpClient and JSON.simple
	20.5 Summary
Index