Forensic Anthropology: 2000 to 2010

Contents......Page 6
Foreword by Rt. Hon. Michael Portillo......Page 8
Foreword by William D. Haglund, PhD......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgments......Page 14
Contributors......Page 16
Introduction......Page 20
Trends in the Literature......Page 21
Skeletal Maturation......Page 22
Skeletal Age Assessment in Fetal and Neonatal Specimens......Page 23
Skeletal Age Estimation of Infants, Children, and Adolescents......Page 24
Common Issues in Juvenile Skeletal Age Estimation......Page 27
Skeletal versus Dental Age Assessment......Page 28
Dental Age Assessment in the Juvenile......Page 29
Summary......Page 30
References......Page 31
Dental Bibliography......Page 39
Third Molar Bibliography......Page 45
Introduction......Page 48
Adult Age Determination......Page 49
Ossification......Page 50
The Skull......Page 52
Dentition......Page 53
Rib Morphology......Page 55
Pelvis......Page 57
Bone Histology......Page 58
Conclusion......Page 59
References......Page 60
General......Page 61
Ossification Patterns......Page 64
The Skull......Page 66
Dentition......Page 67
Ribs......Page 74
Pelvic Morphology......Page 75
Histology......Page 77
Other......Page 78
Introduction......Page 80
The Juvenile Pelvis......Page 82
Sexing of the Juvenile Cranium......Page 83
Pelvis......Page 84
Skull......Page 86
Pectoral Girdle......Page 88
Long Bones of the Upper Limb......Page 91
Vertebral Column, Sternum, and Ribs......Page 94
Long Bones of Lower Limbs......Page 96
Hand......Page 97
Foot and Patella......Page 98
The Use of Geometric Morphometrics in Sex Assessment......Page 100
References......Page 102
Bibliography......Page 107
Further Reading......Page 112
Introduction and Overview......Page 114
The Fully Method......Page 116
Body Proportions, Populations, and Statistics......Page 117
Long-Bone Regression Methods......Page 120
Non-Long-Bone and Body Part Regression Methods......Page 121
Special Cases: Damaged or Juvenile Remains......Page 123
Image-Based Methods......Page 125
References......Page 126
Introduction......Page 138
Race and the Human Genome......Page 140
Race: Is It a Problem of Semantics?......Page 144
Practicality......Page 146
Ancestry and Craniometry......Page 147
Postcranial Skeleton......Page 151
Conclusion......Page 153
References......Page 154
General References......Page 159
Race and Ancestry Assessment: Cranial Skeleton (Including Dentition)......Page 163
Race and Ancestry Assessment: Postcranial Skeleton......Page 165
Population Genetics and DNA......Page 167
Biomedical Aspects of Race......Page 171
Introduction......Page 174
Identification Problems Associated with Antemortem Dental Records......Page 177
Identification Problems due to Esthetic Developments in Dentistry......Page 180
Matching Antemortem and Postmortem Records: Problems Making the Identification......Page 182
A Special Postmortem Identification Challenge: Features of Burned Dental Remains......Page 184
Mass Casualty Identification Problems: The 2004 Asian Tsunami Dental Labeling Systems......Page 186
Dental Labeling Systems......Page 188
Bite Mark Evidence: The Debate......Page 190
Measurement of the \"Uniqueness\" of the Anterior Human Dentition......Page 191
Do Bite Marks in Human Skin Register and Retain Identifying Details?......Page 192
Comparison of the Suspect\'s Dentition and the Bite Mark......Page 193
Problems Relating to the Collection of Bite Mark Evidence......Page 194
Conclusions......Page 195
References......Page 196
Introduction......Page 202
Blunt Force Trauma......Page 207
Sharp Force Trauma......Page 210
Ballistic Trauma......Page 213
Explosive and Burning Trauma......Page 218
Explosive and Blast Trauma......Page 220
Burning Trauma and Thermal Alteration of Bone......Page 222
Conclusion......Page 223
References......Page 224
Bibliography......Page 246
8. Bone Pathology......Page 256
General Introduction......Page 257
Developmental, Growth-Related, Congenital, and Genetic Conditions......Page 259
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis......Page 260
Osteoarthritis, Degenerative Joint Disease, and Osteoporosis......Page 261
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis and Ankylosing Spondylitis......Page 263
Sinusitis, Mastoiditis, and Conditions Related to the Ear, Nose, and Throat......Page 283
Tuberculosis (and Leprosy)......Page 265
Brucellosis......Page 267
Rickets......Page 268
Scurvy......Page 269
Vascular Conditions and Anemia......Page 270
Neoplasm......Page 271
Conclusion......Page 272
General......Page 273
Developmental, Growth-Related, Congenital, and Genetic Conditions......Page 274
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis......Page 277
Osteoarthritis, Degenerative Joint Disease, and Osteoporosis......Page 279
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis and Ankylosing Spondylitis......Page 282
Tuberculosis (and Leprosy)......Page 285
Brucellosis......Page 288
Rickets......Page 289
Scurvy......Page 291
Vascular Conditions and Anemia......Page 292
Neoplasm......Page 294
Miscellaneous and Heterotopic Calcification......Page 296
Introduction......Page 298
The Theoretical and Epistemological Bases of Forensic Taphonomy......Page 299
The Application of Forensic Taphonomy: Postmortem Interval Estimation......Page 305
Breaking Down Decomposition......Page 306
Delving into the Detritusphere: The Cadaveric Human Island......Page 311
Conclusions......Page 314
References......Page 315
Bibliography......Page 324
Introduction......Page 338
Gross Morphology......Page 339
Histological Methods......Page 340
DNA Analysis......Page 341
Other Methods of Identification: Cortical Bone Thickness......Page 343
References......Page 345
Introduction to Soft Tissue Identification and Biometrics......Page 348
Studies in 2000–2010......Page 350
Personal Identification Using the Lips......Page 356
Studies in 2000–2010......Page 357
Future Trends in Lip Print Analysis......Page 358
Personal Identification Using the Ear......Page 359
Studies in 2000–2010......Page 360
Future Trends in Ear Research and Ear Print Analysis......Page 364
Other Methods of Human Identification from the Soft Tissues......Page 365
Conclusion......Page 367
References......Page 370
Introduction......Page 382
Manual 3D Facial Reconstruction......Page 383
Computer Mediation and Virtual Reality Tools......Page 385
Automated 3D Facial Reconstruction......Page 388
Computer-Generated 3D Modeling......Page 390
Accuracy of Forensic Facial Reconstruction......Page 391
Assessment Methods for Accuracy Evaluation......Page 394
Measurement of Facial Soft Tissue Thickness......Page 395
Prediction of Facial Features......Page 397
Craniofacial Superimposition......Page 400
Postmortem Depiction......Page 403
References......Page 405