For whom do NGOs speak? Accountability and legitimacy in pursuit of just environmental impact assessment

For whom do NGOs speak? Accountability and legitimacy in pursuit of just environmental impact assessment
	Introduction
	Literature review
		Effective participation and environmental justice
		Representation by intermediaries, accountability and legitimacy
		NGO intermediaries, EIA, and justice in Indonesia
	Methodology
		Case selection
		Methods
		Analysis of the regulatory context of AMDAL
	Results
		Representation by NGOs as perceived by AMDAL intermediaries
			Institutional and knowledge legitimacy
			Accountability of NGOs in the AMDAL process
		Representation by NGOs in village land-use conflicts
			Legitimacy in informal settings
			Accountability of NGOs in the eyes of the villagers
	Discussion
	Conclusions
	Author Statement
	mk:H1_20
	Acknowledgements
	AMDAL legal framework for public participation
	Description of 23 AMDAL intermediaries based on participants' self-description
	Information on research participants in two villages based on self-description
	References