Footwear Impression Evidence: Detection, Recovery and Examination, SECOND EDITION

AWARENESS, DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF FOOTWEAR IMPRESSION EVIDENCE  
General Information Regarding Footwear Impression Evidence  
Formation of Footwear Impression  
Finding Footwear Impressions at the Scene of the Crime  
General Treatment of Impressions    
PHOTOGRAPHY OF FOOTWEAR IMPRESSIONS  
General Crime Scene Photography  
Examination Quality Photography   
Checklist for Examination Quality Photography    
CASTING THREE-DIMENSIONAL FOOTWEAR IMPRESSIONS  
Introduction to Casting  
Casting Materials  
Methods of Casting with Dental Stone  
After the Cast is Poured   
Casting Footwear Impressions in Snow  
The Importance of Casting All Three-Dimensional Impressions    
TREATMENT OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL FOOTWEAR IMPRESSIONS  
Lifting Two-Dimensional Footwear Impressions  
Lifting Impressions Electrostatically  
Gelatin and Adhesive Lifting  
Other Lifting Materials and Choices  
Impressions That are Difficult to Lift  
Powdering Impressions  
Selection of Proper Lifting Materials  
Deformable Impressions    
THE ENHANCEMENT OF FOOTWEAR IMPRESSIONS  
Specialized Lighting and Forensic Photographic Methods  
Physical Methods  
Chemical Enhancement  
Chemical Methods for Enhancement of Residue Impressions  
Chemical Methods for Enhancement of Footwear Impressions in Blood  
Sequencing of Enhancement Techniques  
Three-Dimensional Impression Enhancement  
Use of Computers    
FOOTWEAR SIZING  
Shoe Sizing and Shoe Sizing Systems  
Forensic Considerations    
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES OF SYNTHETIC SOLED SHOES  
The Footwear Industry  
The Molding Process  
Molding Processes  
The Cut Processes  
Recognition of Manufacturing Methods  
Some Reasons for Shoes of One Size and Design Varying    
KNOWN SHOES OF SUSPECTS AND THE PREPARATION OF KNOWN IMPRESSIONS  
Obtaining the Known Shoes From the Suspect  
Footwear Databases  
Test Impressions of Known Shoes  
Summary    
WEAR CHARACTERISTICS  
Defining Wear Characteristics  
Factors Influencing the Wear of Shoe Outsoles  
Considerations of Wear Characteristics During Examination    
CLASS AND IDENTIFYING CHARACTERISTICS  
Class Characteristics  
Identifying Characteristics  
Characteristics Required for Positive Identification  
Changes in Identifying Characteristics as Shoe Wear Continues    
COMPARISON OF THE QUESTIONED IMPRESSION WITH KNOWN SHOES  
Treatment of the Evidence  
Variation and Distortion  
Examination of the Questioned Impression  
Results    
THE FOOTWEAR IMPRESSION EXAMINER IN COURT  
What Constitutes an Expert Witness?  
What Qualifies a Footwear Impression Examiner as an Expert?  
PreTrial Conferences  
Presentation of Examination Results in Court  
Last Minute Examinations    
IMPRESSIONS OF THE FOOT  
Introduction  
Individuality of the Feet  
Known Standards of the Feet  
The Examination Process  
Case Examples    
SOME CASE APPLICATIONS  
St. Croix Homicide Case  
The New York Gap Homicide  
Denver Multiple Homicide Case  
The Naperville Case  
A New York Serial Robbery/Homicide Case  
A South Carolina Homicide    
THE FOOTWEAR IMPRESSION EVIDENCE IN THE O. J. SIMPSON TRIAL   
References  
Glossary  
Appendix  
Index