Football and Social Sciences in Brazil

Contents
1 Football as a Multifaceted Object of Academic Studies in Brazil
	Construction of the Field of Study
	Purpose and Structure of the Book
	References
Part I Politics and History
2 Football and Politics
	Introduction
	What is Politics
	Football as Politics
	Early Days of Modern Football
	The Totalitarian Years
	The Post-45 Conjuncture
	The Context of Globalization
	Concluding Remarks
	References
3 “My Concern Was to Play Football”: Relations Between Football and Dictatorship
	Is Football the Opium of the People?
	The Olympic Games in Mexico
	The Relationship Between Football and the Military Dictatorship in Brazil from the Players’ Narratives
	Final Considerations
	References
4 The Political Dimension of “Futebol-Arte”
	Revolutionary Capital
	Raça and Mask
	Conclusion
	References
5 1982 World Cup: Democratic Winds in Spain and Brazil
	Introduction
	The Spanish Cup: In Search of a National and Democratic Image
	The Euphoria with the “Re-democratization” National Team
	Conclusion
	References
6 Brazilian Football and History
	Introduction
	Historical Research
	Getting to Know the Field
	What to Write and How to Write
	Some Possibilities
	The Last Pass
	References
7 Myths, Football and National Identity (1930–1983)
	References
8 Order and Progress on the Grandstands: Sports Journalism and the Genesis of Uniformed Football Fans During the Political Regime of the Estado Novo (1937–1945)
	The Spirit of Sports Laws: João Lyra Filho, the CND, and Professional Football
	Body & Soul of Sports: Thomaz Mazzoni and The Ideology of the Estado Novo
	A Gazeta Esportiva and the Promotion of São Paulo’s Uniformed Fans
	Conclusion
	References
Part II Sociology and Anthropology
9 Sport and Society in the Writings of Roberto DaMatta
	A Theory of Brazil
	Social Drama
	The “Specificity” of Brazilian Football and National Identity
	Football-Art and Modernization: Against the Idea of the “Opium of the People”
	Drama and Setting
	Football and Its Miracles, Like What We Want It to Be
	In Favor of Brazil and Its Modernity
	References
10 Neymar, Football and the Formation of a Neoliberal Culture
	The Commodification of Football-Spectacle
	The Commodity “Football Player” and the Neymar Case
	The Formation of the Neoliberal Culture
	The Neoliberal Subject in Sport
	References
11 A Modernity that is not Complete? Ideas and Interpretations About Brazilian Football
	Introduction
	The Thesis of Backwardness and Deviation in the Brazilian Football Context
	Final Considerations
	References
12 FIFA, BRICS, and the Soft Power Discourse: Analysis of the World Cup in South Africa, Brazil, and Russia
	Introduction
	A Panorama of the BRICS in Mega Sporting Events
	Is Soft Power a Concept of Public Diplomacy or Just Propaganda?
	The FIFA Men’s Football Cup in BRICS
	Final Considerations
	References
13 Football and Anthropology in Brazil
	From Football to Footballs
	Identities and Otherness
	Football as an Object of Brazilian Anthropology
	Conclusion
	References
14 An Ethnographic Game of Fluid Categories of Analysis
	Body, Game, and Sports
	Football, Drama, and National Identity
	Anthropology of Sporting Practices
	Ethnographic Displacements
	Final Remarks
	References
15 Garrincha, Pelé and Maradona: The Sporting Sacred in Times of Football Icon Veneration
	The South American Trinity
	Images and Production of Sports Emotion
	The Game and the Sacred
	Pelé, The Saint
		The Hand of God
	The Bowlegged Angel
	Final Considerations: The Sporting Sacred
	References
16 When Does the World Cup 2014 Event Start and End?
	Methodology
	The 2014 World Cup
	The World Cup as an Event
	Conclusion
	References
Part III Other Areas
17 Football and Communication Studies in Brazil: Fences and Crossroads of an Indisciplinary Field
	Reflections on the Fields of Sport and Mass Media in Brazil: An Indisciplinary Approach
	Some Theoretical and Methodological Paths in Research on Soccer and Communication in Brazil
		Practices and Experiences in the Football Universe:  The Ethnographic Perspective
		Talking About Football: Analysis of the Media Discourse
		Voices from the Past: Historical Analysis of Media Texts
	In Conclusion
	References
18 Sport and the Media in Brazil: Vices and Virtues of a Secular Marriage
	Introduction
	The Print Medium and the Primacy of Sports Coverage
	Print Media Coverage and Competition with TV
	Some Final Considerations
	References
19 World Cups’ Geography: Urban Brazil in 1950
	Introduction
	A Supposedly Aristocratic Ritual: The First Generation of Stadiums in Brazil
	The Party Transits to the Popular: The Advent of Concrete Stadiums
	The 1950 World Cup and Its Peculiar Geography: Context and Impacts
	Concluding Remarks
	References
20 Stadiums and Arenas as Privileged Lenses to Capture Changes in Urban Space
	Introduction
	Stadiums and Arenas: A Geographical Overview
	Football Stadiums in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
	Stadiums and Arenas Post-Taylor Report
	Conclusion
	References
21 The Football Industry in Brazil
	Introduction
	An Overview of the Football Industry in Europe
	The Legislation Regarding the Economic Activity of Football Clubs in Brazil
	Expansion of Elite Club Revenues and Asymmetries in Economic Power
	The Problem of Excessive Indebtedness of the Elite Clubs
	Current Challenges for the Development of Football Industry in Brazil
	Concluding Remarks
	References
22 The Controversy Over the Introduction of the VAR in Brazil
	The Controversy Over VAR Portrayed in the Sports Press
	“All Unanimity is Stupid”
	Justice is Slow and Sometimes Fails
	Final Remarks
	References
Part IV Transversal Themes
23 Life Projects, Women and Football
	Projects of Martas, Elanes, Nildinhas, Alines, etc.
		Mermaid's Chant: Projects of Girls Who Dream of Being Able to Make a Living from Football
	Projects of Football Players in the Course of Their Career
	Challenging the Fields of Possibility and Conquering Territory
	References
24 Brazil is Hexa: Marta’s Sporting Career
	Biographical Aspects
	The Beginning of the Career
	Sweden: Martha’s Second Home
	Political Engagement
	Queen Marta is Hexa
	References
25 Gender Expressions and the Multiple Practices of Football in Brazil
	Introduction
	LGBTIQ Football on the Court and Raising Questions About Football
	Notes for a New Understanding of Football
	References
26 Football, Violence, and Democratic Politics in Brazil
	Theoretical Framework of the Relation Between Football, Society, and Violence
	Fan Organizations and Violence: Traces of Democracy?
	Who Are the Fanatic Football Fans in the Twenty-First Century? Why Are the Majority of Supporters in These Associations Composed of Men?
	Fan Culture and Brazilian Politics
	Football, Political Participation, and Democracy
	References
27 Narratives About Football Hooliganism in Brazil: (De)constructing the Label “Violent Supporter”
	Introduction
	From Convention to Reification: The Role of Language in the Construction of Violence in Football
	From the Myth of Non-Violence to the Stigma of Violence: Narratives About Football Confrontations
	Dehumanization, Exclusion, and Social Control: Stigmatized Fans and the Effects of Stigma
	Final Considerations
	References
28 The Experience of Cheering in (So-Called) “Modern Football”
	The Space to Cheer
	The Space of the Granota Twist
	The Space to Cheer for the Raposa
	Two Contexts of Supporters: The Peripheral in Global Football and the Global in Peripheral Football
	Final Considerations
	References
29 Brazilian Racism in Football
	The Ambivalent Effect of Socially Constructed Representations of the “Black Race”: The Inclusion of “Brazilian Racism”
	Barbosa and the Personification of the Exclusion of Racism in Brazil
	Conclusion
	References
30 “This is a Reality”: The Racism Narrated by Black Characters in Brazilian Football
	Players’ Network
	Coaches’ Network
	Referees’ Network
	Sporting Directors’ Network
	Journalists’ Network
	Final Considerations
	References
Index