Food Hypersensitivity: Diagnosing and Managing Food Allergies and Intolerance

Contents......Page 5
List of contributors......Page 9
Foreword......Page 11
Part 1 Diagnosis......Page 13
1.2 Nomenclature and classification......Page 14
1.3 Immunological basis of food allergy......Page 17
1.5 Prevalence......Page 20
References......Page 28
2.1 The role of food hypersensitivity in skin disorders......Page 33
2.2 The role of food hypersensitivity in respiratory disorders......Page 42
2.3 The role of food hypersensitivity in gastrointestinal disorders......Page 48
2.4 The role of food hypersensitivity in behavioural disorders......Page 69
2.5 The role of food hypersensitivity in neurological disorders......Page 79
2.6 The role of food hypersensitivity in musculoskeletal disorders......Page 92
References......Page 95
3.2 Clinical history......Page 96
3.3 Diagnostic tests......Page 97
3.4 Complementary and alternative medicine......Page 101
3.5 Diagnostic exclusion diets......Page 103
3.6 Oral food challenges......Page 105
References......Page 114
4.2 Allergens and the immune system......Page 118
4.4 How does a food allergen induce allergy?......Page 119
4.5 Classification of food allergen......Page 120
4.6 Advances in food allergen technology......Page 121
4.7 Peanut allergens......Page 122
4.8 Food labelling......Page 123
References......Page 124
Part 2 Dietary Management......Page 126
5.2 Cow’s milk......Page 127
5.3 Egg allergy......Page 138
References......Page 142
6.2 Prevalence and natural history......Page 146
6.3 Foods involved......Page 147
6.4 Diagnosis......Page 149
6.5 Avoidance......Page 152
References......Page 153
7.2 Prevalence and natural history......Page 157
7.3 Foods involved......Page 159
7.4 Presenting symptoms and diagnosis......Page 167
7.5 Management......Page 170
References......Page 171
8.1 Peanuts......Page 176
8.2 Other legumes......Page 181
8.3 Seeds......Page 184
8.4 Tree nuts......Page 186
References......Page 190
9.1 Coeliac disease......Page 193
9.2 Allergy to wheat and other cereals......Page 213
References......Page 218
10.1 Reactions to food additives......Page 220
10.2 Pharmacologic food reactions......Page 231
10.3 Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis......Page 239
References......Page 244
Part 3 Other Aspects of Management, Allergy Prevention and Nutritional Considerations......Page 251
11.2 Assessment of dietary adequacy......Page 252
11.3 Factors affecting nutritional status......Page 254
11.4 Ensuring optimal nutritional status while following a food-avoidance diet......Page 255
11.5 The nutritional consequences of avoiding a number of common food allergens......Page 256
11.6 Vitamin and mineral supplements......Page 266
11.7 Other common nutritional issues encountered when implementing food-avoidance diets......Page 269
References......Page 271
12.3 The importance of reintroduction of foods......Page 274
12.5 Items on prescription......Page 275
12.7 Product information......Page 276
12.9 Nurseries, childminders and carers......Page 277
12.10 Managing food allergy at school......Page 278
12.11 Managing food allergy at home......Page 279
12.13 Eating out......Page 280
12.14 Going on holiday......Page 281
12.15 Support and resources......Page 282
References......Page 285
13.1 Introduction......Page 287
13.2 Introduction to the immune system......Page 288
13.3 Supporting the immune system through nutrition......Page 291
13.4 Conclusions......Page 303
References......Page 304
14.1 Allergic rhinitis......Page 312
14.2 Asthma......Page 318
14.3 Atopic eczema......Page 324
14.4 Anaphylaxis......Page 331
References......Page 337
Appendix 1 An Example of Patient Information Literature for a Food Challenge......Page 338
Appendix 2 Example of Food Challenge Protocol for Adults......Page 340
Appendix 3 Examples of Food Challenge Procedures......Page 344
Appendix 4 Examples of Prolonged Open Food Challenge Procedures......Page 346
Appendix 5 Food Challenge Form......Page 348
Appendix 6 Food Challenge Symptom Score Chart......Page 351
Appendix 7 Dietary Management Summaries......Page 354
Index......Page 364