Fluid Mechanics in SI Units

Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Contents
1 Fundamental Concepts
	Chapter Objectives
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Characteristics of Matter
	1.3 The International System of Units
	1.4 Calculations
	1.5 Problem Solving
	1.6 Some Basic Fluid Properties
	1.7 Viscosity
	1.8 Viscosity Measurement
	1.9 Vapor Pressure
	1.10 Surface Tension and Capillarity
2 Fluid Statics
	Chapter Objectives
	2.1 Pressure
	2.2 Absolute and Gage Pressure
	2.3 Static Pressure Variation
	2.4 Pressure Variation for Incompressible Fluids
	2.5 Pressure Variation for Compressible Fluids
	2.6 Measurement of Static Pressure
	2.7 Hydrostatic Force on a Plane Surface—Formula Method
	2.8 Hydrostatic Force on a Plane Surface—Geometrical Method
	2.9 Hydrostatic Force on a Plane Surface—Integration Method
	2.10 Hydrostatic Force on an Inclined Plane or Curved Surface Determined by Projection
	2.11 Buoyancy
	2.12 Stability
	2.13 Constant Translational Acceleration of a Liquid
	2.14 Steady Rotation of a Liquid
3 Kinematics of Fluid Motion
	Chapter Objectives
	3.1 Types of Fluid Flow
	3.2 Graphical Descriptions of Fluid Flow
	3.3 Fluid Flow Descriptions
	3.4 Fluid Acceleration
	3.5 Streamline Coordinates
4 Conservation of Mass
	Chapter Objectives
	4.1 Volumetric Flow, Mass Flow, and Average Velocity
	4.2 Finite Control Volumes
	4.3 The Reynolds Transport Theorem
	4.4 Conservation of Mass
5 Work and Energy of Moving Fluids
	Chapter Objectives
	5.1 Euler’s Equations of Motion
	5.2 The Bernoulli Equation
	5.3 Applications of the Bernoulli Equation
	5.4 Energy and Hydraulic Grade Lines
	5.5 The Energy Equation
6 Fluid Momentum
	Chapter Objectives
	6.1 The Linear Momentum Equation
	6.2 Applications to Bodies at Rest
	6.3 Applications to Bodies Having Constant Velocity
	6.4 The Angular Momentum Equation
	6.5 Propellers and Wind Turbines
	6.6 Applications for Control Volumes Having Accelerated Motion
	6.7 Turbojets and Turbofans
	6.8 Rockets
7 Differential Fluid Flow
	Chapter Objectives
	7.1 Differential Analysis
	7.2 Kinematics of Differential Fluid Elements
	7.3 Circulation and Vorticity
	7.4 Conservation of Mass
	7.5 Equations of Motion for a Fluid Particle
	7.6 The Euler and Bernoulli Equations
	7.7 Potential Flow Hydrodynamics
	7.8 The Stream Function
	7.9 The Potential Function
	7.10 Basic Two-Dimensional Flows
	7.11 Superposition of Flows
	7.12 The Navier–Stokes Equations
	7.13 Computational Fluid Dynamics
8 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude
	Chapter Objectives
	8.1 Dimensional Analysis
	8.2 Important Dimensionless Numbers
	8.3 The Buckingham Pi Theorem
	8.4 Some General Considerations Related to Dimensional Analysis
	8.5 Similitude
9 Viscous Flow Within Enclosed Conduits
	Chapter Objectives
	9.1 Steady Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates
	9.2 Navier–Stokes Solution for Steady Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates
	9.3 Steady Laminar Flow Within a Smooth Pipe
	9.4 Navier–Stokes Solution for Steady Laminar Flow Within a Smooth Pipe
	9.5 The Reynolds Number
	9.6 Fully Developed Flow from an Entrance
	9.7 Laminar and Turbulent Shear Stress Within a Smooth Pipe
	9.8 Steady Turbulent Flow Within a Smooth Pipe
10 Analysis and Design for Pipe Flow
	Chapter Objectives
	10.1 Resistance to Flow in Rough Pipes
	10.2 Losses Occurring from Pipe Fittings and Transitions
	10.3 Single-Pipeline Flow
	10.4 Pipe Systems
	10.5 Flow Measurement
11 Viscous Flow over External Surfaces
	Chapter Objectives
	11.1 The Concept of the Boundary Layer
	11.2 Laminar Boundary Layers
	11.3 The Momentum Integral Equation
	11.4 Turbulent Boundary Layers
	11.5 Laminar and Turbulent Boundary Layers
	11.6 Drag and Lift
	11.7 Pressure Gradient Effects
	11.8 The Drag Coefficient
	11.9 Drag Coefficients for Bodies Having Various Shapes
	11.10 Methods for Reducing Drag
	11.11 Lift and Drag on an Airfoil
12 Open-Channel Flow
	Chapter Objectives
	12.1 Types of Flow in Open Channels
	12.2 Open-Channel Flow Classifications
	12.3 Specific Energy
	12.4 Open-Channel Flow over a Rise or Bump
	12.5 Open-Channel Flow Under a Sluice Gate
	12.6 Steady Uniform Channel Flow
	12.7 Gradually Varied Flow
	12.8 The Hydraulic Jump
	12.9 Weirs
13 Compressible Flow
	Chapter Objectives
	13.1 Thermodynamic Concepts
	13.2 Wave Propagation Through a Compressible Fluid
	13.3 Types of Compressible Flow
	13.4 Stagnation Properties
	13.5 Isentropic Flow Through a Variable Area
	13.6 Isentropic Flow Through Converging and Diverging Nozzles
	13.7 The Effect of Friction on Compressible Flow
	13.8 The Effect of Heat Transfer on Compressible Flow
	13.9 Normal Shock Waves
	13.10 Shock Waves in Nozzles
	13.11 Oblique Shock Waves
	13.12 Compression and Expansion Waves
	13.13 Compressible Flow Measurement
14 Turbomachines
	Chapter Objectives
	14.1 Types of Turbomachines
	14.2 Axial-Flow Pumps
	14.3 Radial-Flow Pumps
	14.4 Ideal Performance for Pumps
	14.5 Turbines
	14.6 Pump Performance
	14.7 Cavitation and the Net Positive Suction Head
	14.8 Pump Selection Related to the Flow System
	14.9 Turbomachine Similitude
Appendix
	A Physical Properties of Fluids
	B Compressible Properties of a Gas (k = 1.4)
Fundamental Solutions
Answers to Selected Problems
Index
	Back Cover
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index