Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery

Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery, Fourth Edition......Page 1
ISBN: 0-7506-7059-2......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Preface to the Fourth Edition......Page 10
Preface to Third Edition......Page 12
Acknowledgements......Page 14
Superscript......Page 18
Definition of a turbomachine......Page 20
Units and dimensions......Page 22
Dimensional analysis and performance laws......Page 23
Incompressible fluid analysis......Page 25
Performance characteristics......Page 26
Variable geometry turbomachines......Page 28
Specific speed......Page 29
Cavitation......Page 31
Compressible gas flow relations......Page 34
Compressible fluid analysis......Page 35
The inherent unsteadiness of the flow within turbomachines......Page 39
The equation of continuity......Page 42
The first law of thermodynamics internal energy......Page 43
Soderberg’s correlation......Page 0
The second law of thermodynamics entropy......Page 48
Definitions of efficiency......Page 49
Small stage or polytropic efficiency......Page 54
Nozzle efficiency......Page 60
Diffusers......Page 62
3 Two- dimensional Cascades......Page 74
Cascade nomenclature......Page 75
Analysis of cascade forces......Page 76
Lift and drag......Page 78
Circulation and lift......Page 80
Efficiency of a compressor cascade......Page 81
The cascade wind tunnel......Page 82
Cascade test results......Page 84
Compressor cascade performance......Page 87
Turbine cascade performance......Page 89
Compressor cascade correlations......Page 90
Fan blade design (McKenzie)......Page 99
Turbine cascade correlation (Ainley)......Page 100
Comparison of the profile loss in a cascade and in a turbine stage......Page 105
Optimum space chord ratio of turbine blades (Zweifel)......Page 106
Velocity diagrams of the axial turbine stage......Page 112
Thermodynamics of the axial turbine stage......Page 113
Stage losses and efficiency......Page 115
Types of axial turbine design......Page 118
Stage reaction......Page 120
Diffusion within blade rows......Page 122
Choice of reaction and effect on efficiency......Page 126
Design point efficiency of a turbine stage......Page 127
Maximum total-to-static efficiency of a reversible turbine stage......Page 131
Stresses in turbine rotor blades......Page 133
Turbine flow characteristics......Page 139
Flow characteristics of a multistage turbine......Page 141
The Wells turbine......Page 143
5 Axial- flow Compressors and Fans......Page 156
Two-dimensional analysis of the compressor stage......Page 157
Velocity diagrams of the compressor stage......Page 159
Thermodynamics of the compressor stage......Page 160
Stage loss relationships and efficiency......Page 161
Choice of reaction......Page 162
Stage loading......Page 163
Simplified off-design performance......Page 164
Stage pressure rise......Page 166
Pressure ratio of a multistage compressor......Page 167
Estimation of compressor stage efficiency......Page 168
Stall and surge phenomena in compressors......Page 173
Control of flow instabilities......Page 178
Axial-flow ducted fans......Page 179
Blade element theory......Page 181
Blade element efficiency......Page 182
Lift coefficient of a fan aerofoil......Page 183
Theory of radial equilibrium......Page 188
The indirect problem......Page 190
The direct problem......Page 198
Compressible flow through a fixed blade row......Page 199
Constant specific mass flow......Page 200
Off-design performance of a stage......Page 202
Free-vortex turbine stage......Page 203
Actuator disc approach......Page 205
Blade row interaction effects......Page 209
Computer-aided methods of solving the through-flow problem......Page 210
Secondary flows......Page 212
7 Centrifugal Pumps, Fans and Compressors......Page 218
Some definitions......Page 219
Theoretical analysis of a centrifugal compressor......Page 221
Impeller......Page 222
Conservation of rothalpy......Page 223
Inlet velocity limitations......Page 224
Optimum design of a pump inlet......Page 225
Optimum design of a centrifugal compressor inlet......Page 227
Slip factor......Page 232
Head increase of a centrifugal pump......Page 237
Performance of centrifugal compressors......Page 238
The diffuser system......Page 246
Choking in a compressor stage......Page 249
8 Radial Flow Gas Turbines......Page 255
Types of inward flow radial turbine......Page 256
Thermodynamics of the 90 deg IFR turbine......Page 258
Basic design of the rotor......Page 260
Nominal design point efficiency......Page 261
Mach number relations......Page 265
Loss coefficients in 90 deg IFR turbines......Page 266
Optimum efficiency considerations......Page 267
Criterion for minimum number of blades......Page 272
Design considerations for rotor exit......Page 275
Incidence losses......Page 279
Significance and application of specific speed......Page 282
Optimum design selection of 90 deg IFR turbines......Page 285
Pressure ratio limits of the 90 deg IFR turbine......Page 288
Cooled 90 deg IFR turbines......Page 290
9 Hydraulic Turbines......Page 296
Hydraulic turbines......Page 297
The Pelton turbine......Page 300
The Francis turbine......Page 309
The Kaplan turbine......Page 315
Effect of size on turbomachine efficiency......Page 318
Cavitation......Page 320
Bibliography......Page 328
Conversion of British Units to SI Units......Page 329
Answers to Problems......Page 330
TrUe LiAr......Page 333