Flow and Transport through Unsaturated Fractured Rock

Geophysical Monograph Series......Page 1
Flowa nd TransporTth roughUnsaturated Fractured Rock......Page 3
CONTENTS......Page 5
DEDICATION......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 7
Flow and Transport     Through Unsaturated     Fractured Rock' An Overview......Page 9
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 10
2. WATER MOVEMENT IN A ROCK MATRIX......Page 11
3. INFILTRATION INTO FRACTURED ROCK......Page 13
4. FLOW THROUGH FRACTURES......Page 15
5. NONISOTHERMAL CONDITIONS......Page 17
6. SOLUTE TRANSPORT......Page 19
7. TRANSPORT AS VAPOR......Page 21
9. DISCUSSION......Page 22
REFERENCES......Page 23
INTRODUCTION......Page 27
FRACTURE EFFECTS......Page 28
RELATIVE PERMEABILITY......Page 29
FRACTURED-POROUS FLOW......Page 30
ADDITIONAL ISSUES......Page 31
STRONGLY HEAT-DRIVEN FLOW......Page 32
APPLICATIONS......Page 33
THERMOHYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS NEAR WASTE PACKAGES......Page 34
EFFECTIVE CONTINUUM APPROXIMATION......Page 35
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 36
REFERENCES......Page 37
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 41
2. BASIC APPROACH TO CALCULATE FLOWCHANNELING EFFECTS......Page 42
3. EMERGENCE OF FLOW CHANNELING WITH DEGREE OF HETEROGENEITY......Page 43
4. FLOW CHANNELING IN UNSATURATED POROUS MEDIA......Page 44
5. IMPLICATION OF FLOW CHANNELING ON TRACER BREAKTHROUGH CURVES FOR SATURATED MEDIA......Page 47
6. IMPLICATION OF FLOW CHANNELING ON SEEPAGE INTO AN UNDERGROUND CAVITY IN UNSATURATED MEDIUM......Page 49
7. SUMMARY AND REMARKS......Page 50
REFERENCES......Page 51
INTRODUCTION......Page 53
APPROACH......Page 54
APPLICATION......Page 56
CONCLUSIONS......Page 58
REFERENCES......Page 59
INTRODUCTION......Page 61
WINTERTIME OBSERVATIONS AND COMPUTATIONS......Page 62
SUMMERTIME OBSERVATIONS AND COMPUTATIONS......Page 64
REFERENCES......Page 66
INTRODUCTION......Page 68
THE CONDITIONAL SIMULATION VIA CONDITIONAL CODING......Page 69
Cohesive Zone Model For Faults......Page 70
Conditional Simulation of the Model......Page 71
Basic Model......Page 72
Two-Set Fracture Growth Model......Page 74
Inverse Modeling Example with Data from the ConocoTest Facility......Page 76
CONCLUSIONS......Page 77
REFERENCES......Page 79
INTRODUCTION......Page 81
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION......Page 82
MATHEMATICAL MODEL......Page 84
COMPUTER SIMULATIONS......Page 85
ANALYSIS......Page 88
CONCLUSION......Page 89
REFERENCES......Page 90
INTRODUCTION......Page 92
SINGLE-HOLE PNEUMATIC INJECTION TESTS......Page 93
TYPE-CURVES USED FOR INTERPRETATION OFSINGLE-HOLE PNEUMATIC INJECTION TESTS......Page 95
TYPE-CURVE INTERPRETATION OF SINGLE-HOLE PNEUMATIC INJECTION TESTS......Page 99
TYPE-CURVES USED FOR INTERPRETATION OFCROSS-HOLE PNEUMATIC INJECTION TESTS......Page 101
TYPE-CURVE INTERPRETATION OF A CROSS HOLE PNEUMATIC INJECTION TEST......Page 103
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 105
REFERENCES......Page 107
Objective......Page 110
Hydrogeology......Page 111
Period of Principal Recharge......Page 112
Estimated Total   Recharge            Through the U12n Tunnel                Recharge Basin......Page 113
Period of Hydraulic Response......Page 115
Travel Time......Page 116
REFERENCES......Page 117
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 118
2.1 Hydrogeologic Setting......Page 119
3. UNSATURATED FLOW CONCEPTS AND ISSUES......Page 122
3.1 Physical          rocessesin Unsaturated Flow......Page 123
3.2 Unsaturated Flow in Fractured Media......Page 124
4.1 Water Flow......Page 125
4.2 Gas Flow......Page 126
4. 4 Modeling Approaches......Page 127
5.1 Laboratory and Field Experiments......Page 130
6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 131
APPENDIX A. MASS AND ENERGY BALANCES......Page 133
REFERENCES......Page 134
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 139
2. SITE DESCRIPTION......Page 141
2.4. Vegetation......Page 142
3. CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF INFILTRATION......Page 143
4.2 Evapotranspiration......Page 146
4.3. Redistribution of Subsurface     Water.N'eutron-Borehole Moisture Logging......Page 147
4.4 Flow at the Soil-bedrock Contact.' Soil Water Potential Measurements......Page 149
4.5. Estimates of Net Infiltration......Page 150
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 152
REFERENCES......Page 153
INTRODUCTION......Page 154
Equivalent Porous Continuum          Properties for an Elemental  Flow Region......Page 155
NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES......Page 156
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS......Page 157
REFERENCES......Page 162
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 164
2.2. The Research Sites......Page 166
3.1. Flow Processes and Monitoring TechniqueS for Different Scales......Page 167
4. USING NONLINEAR DYNAMICS METHODS TOANALYZE TIME-SERIES DATA SETS......Page 169
5.2. Test Results and Conceptual Model of Flow in Fracture Models......Page 171
6.2. TestR esultsa nd Conceptual Model of Flow on a Small Scale......Page 173
7.1. Test Design......Page 174
7.3. Conceptual Model of Flow......Page 175
8.1. Test Design......Page 178
8.2. Test Results and Conceptual Model of Flow......Page 179
9. DISCUSSION......Page 180
10. CONCLUSIONS......Page 182
REFERENCES......Page 183
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 186
2.1. The Study Area......Page 187
2.2. The Experimental System......Page 188
3.1. Water Flux Through the Fracture at Site 2......Page 190
3.2. Flow Trajectories            Through the Fracture at Site 2......Page 191
3.4 Solute and Particle Transport......Page 193
4. INNER STRUCTURE OF THE FRACTURES......Page 194
5. FRACTURE STRUCTURE AND PREFERENTIAL FLOW......Page 195
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 196
REFERENCES......Page 199