Flight dynamics principles: A linear systems approach to aircraft stability and control

Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Preface to the first edition......Page 9
Preface to the second edition......Page 11
Acknowledgements......Page 13
Nomenclature......Page 15
1.1 Overview......Page 23
1.2 Flying and handling qualities......Page 25
1.3 General considerations......Page 26
1.5 Aerodynamics......Page 29
1.6 Computers......Page 30
1.7 Summary......Page 32
References......Page 33
2.1 Earth axes......Page 34
2.2 Aircraft body fixed axes......Page 35
2.4 Axes transformations......Page 40
2.5 Aircraft reference geometry......Page 46
2.6 Controls notation......Page 49
2.7 Aerodynamic reference centres......Page 50
Problems......Page 52
3.1 Trim equilibrium......Page 54
3.2 The pitching moment equation......Page 62
3.3 Longitudinal static stability......Page 66
3.4 Lateral static stability......Page 75
3.5 Directional static stability......Page 76
3.6 Calculation of aircraft trim condition......Page 79
Problems......Page 86
4.1 The equations of motion of a rigid symmetric aircraft......Page 88
4.2 The linearised equations of motion......Page 95
4.3 The decoupled equations of motion......Page 101
4.4 Alternative forms of the equations of motion......Page 104
References......Page 117
Problems......Page 118
5.1 Methods of solution......Page 120
5.2 Cramer\'s rule......Page 121
5.3 Aircraft response transfer functions......Page 123
5.4 Response to controls......Page 130
5.5 Acceleration response transfer functions......Page 134
5.6 The state space method......Page 136
5.7 State space model augmentation......Page 150
Problems......Page 156
6.1 Response to controls......Page 160
6.2 The dynamic stability modes......Page 166
6.3 Reduced order models......Page 169
6.4 Frequency response......Page 180
6.5 Flying and handling qualities......Page 187
6.6 Mode excitation......Page 189
References......Page 192
Problems......Page 193
7.1 Response to controls......Page 196
7.2 The dynamic stability modes......Page 205
7.3 Reduced order models......Page 210
7.4 Frequency response......Page 217
7.5 Flying and handling qualities......Page 222
7.6 Mode excitation......Page 224
Problems......Page 228
8.1 Introduction......Page 232
8.2 The steady pull-up manoeuvre......Page 234
8.3 The pitching moment equation......Page 236
8.4 Longitudinal manoeuvre stability......Page 238
8.5 Aircraft dynamics and manoeuvrability......Page 244
References......Page 245
9.1 Introduction......Page 246
9.3 The Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion......Page 249
9.4 The stability quartic......Page 253
9.5 Graphical interpretation of stability......Page 256
Problems......Page 260
10.1 Introduction......Page 262
10.2 Short term dynamic models......Page 263
10.3 Flying qualities requirements......Page 271
10.4 Aircraft role......Page 273
10.5 Pilot opinion rating......Page 277
10.6 Longitudinal flying qualities requirements......Page 278
10.7 Control anticipation parameter......Page 282
10.8 Lateral–directional flying qualities requirements......Page 285
10.9 Flying qualities requirements on the s-plane......Page 288
References......Page 293
Problems......Page 294
11.1 Introduction......Page 296
11.2 Augmentation system design......Page 302
11.3 Closed loop system analysis......Page 305
11.4 The root locus plot......Page 309
11.5 Longitudinal stability augmentation......Page 315
11.6 Lateral–directional stability augmentation......Page 322
11.7 The pole placement method......Page 333
Problems......Page 338
12.1 Introduction......Page 342
12.2 Quasi-static derivatives......Page 343
12.3 Derivative estimation......Page 345
12.4 The effects of compressibility......Page 349
12.5 Limitations of aerodynamic modelling......Page 357
References......Page 358
13.2 Longitudinal aerodynamic stability derivatives......Page 359
13.3 Lateral–directional aerodynamic stability derivatives......Page 372
13.4 Aerodynamic control derivatives......Page 393
13.5 North American derivative coefficient notation......Page 399
Problems......Page 407
14.3 Reporting......Page 412
Assignment 1. Stability augmentation of the North American X-15 hypersonic research aeroplane......Page 413
Assignment 2. The stability and control characteristics of a civil transport aeroplane with relaxed longitudinal static stability......Page 414
Assignment 3. Lateral–directional handling qualities design for the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter aircraft......Page 418
Assignment 4. Analysis of the effects of Mach number on the longitudinal stability and control characteristics of the LTV A7-A Corsair aircraft......Page 423
1 AeroTrim – A Symmetric Trim Calculator for Subsonic Flight Conditions......Page 427
2 Definitions of Aerodynamic Stability and Control Derivatives......Page 434
3 Aircraft Response Transfer Functions Referred to Aircraft Body Axes......Page 441
4 Units, Conversions and Constants......Page 447
5 A Very Short Table of Laplace Transforms......Page 448
6 The Dynamics of a Linear Second Order System......Page 449
7 North American Aerodynamic Derivative Notation......Page 453
8 Approximate Expressions for the Dimensionless Aerodynamic Stability and Control Derivatives......Page 456
9 The Transformation of Aerodynamic Stability Derivatives from a Body Axes Reference to a Wind Axes Reference......Page 460
10 The Transformation of the Moments and Products of Inertia from a Body Axes Reference to a Wind Axes Reference......Page 470
11 The Root Locus Plot......Page 473
Index......Page 478