Flavors for nutraceutical and functional foods

Content: Machine generated contents note: 1.1. Introduction / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.2. Functional foods / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.2.1. The concept of functional foods / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.2.2. World market for functional foods / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.3. Nutraceuticals / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.3.1. The concept of nutraceuticals / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.3.2. Market scenario for nutraceuticals / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.3.3. Safety aspects of nutraceuticals / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.4. Sources of functional foods / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.4.1. Grains and cereals / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.4.1.1. Wheat / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.4.1.2. Oats / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.4.1.3. Barley / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.4.1.4. Flaxseed / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.4.1.5. Psyllium / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.4.1.6. Brown rice / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.4.1.7. Buckwheat / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.4.1.8. Sorghum / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.4.1.9. Maize / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.4.1.10. Finger millet / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.4.1.11. Breakfast cereals / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.5. Dairy-based functional foods / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.6. Margarine / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.7. Prebiotics / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.8. Confectionery-based functional foods / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.8.1. Cocoa / M. Selvamuthukumaran / Yashwant V. Pathak --
1.8.2. Food bars / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.8.3. Chocolate / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.9. Beverage-based functional foods / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.9.1. Tea / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.10. Legume-based functional foods / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.10.1. Soybeans / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.11. Fruit- and vegetable-based functional foods / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.11.1. Garlic / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.11.2. Tomatoes / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.11.3. Broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.11.4. Citrus fruits / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.11.5. Cranberries / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.11.6. Red wine and grapes / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.11.7. Strawberries / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.11.8. Figs / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.11.9. Cordyceps mushrooms / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.11.10. Pumpkin / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.12. Animal-Based functional foods / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.12.1. Fish / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.12.2. Beef / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.12.3. Eggs enriched with PUFAs / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
1.13. Conclusion / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
References / Yashwant V. Pathak / M. Selvamuthukumaran --
2.1. Introduction / Amit M. Pant / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale --
2.2. Child nourishment problems, related diseases, and nutritional supplementation solutions / Amit M. Pant / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale --
2.3. Nutritional deficiencies that affect infants and children / Amit M. Pant / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale --
2.3.1. Vitamin D deficiency / Amit M. Pant / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale --
2.3.2. Iron deficiency / Amit M. Pant / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale --
2.3.3. Calcium deficiency / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale / Amit M. Pant --
2.3.4. Vitamin A deficiency / Amit M. Pant / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale --
2.4. Effect of flavor on supplement intake and consumption in children / Amit M. Pant / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale --
2.5. Flavoring agents: Types and applications / Amit M. Pant / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale --
2.6. Regulatory consideration of pediatric flavoring agents / Amit M. Pant / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale --
2.7. Success stories / Amit M. Pant / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale --
2.7.1. Advanced demasking of iron supplements / Amit M. Pant / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale --
2.7.2. Masking the fishy odor and taste of omega 3 fatty acids / Amit M. Pant / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale --
2.7.3. Masking the taste of calcium and magnesium supplements / Amit M. Pant / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale --
2.8. Discussion and conclusion / Amit M. Pant / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale --
References / Amit M. Pant / Pramod B. Khedekar / Rupesh V. Chikhale --
3.1. Introduction / Deepak Yadav / Kiran Yadav / Kummaripalli Srikanth --
3.2. Flavors in probiotics and prebiotics / Deepak Yadav / Kiran Yadav / Kummaripalli Srikanth --
3.3. Flavor characteristics of probiotic/prebiotic products / Deepak Yadav / Kiran Yadav / Kummaripalli Srikanth --
3.3.1. Fermented dairy products / Deepak Yadav / Kiran Yadav / Kummaripalli Srikanth --
3.3.1.1. Yogurt / Deepak Yadav / Kummaripalli Srikanth / Kiran Yadav --
3.3.1.2. Ayran / Deepak Yadav / Kiran Yadav / Kummaripalli Srikanth --
3.3.1.3. Kefir / Deepak Yadav / Kiran Yadav / Kummaripalli Srikanth --
3.3.1.4. Kumiss / Deepak Yadav / Kiran Yadav / Kummaripalli Srikanth --
3.3.1.5. Fermented milk drinks / Deepak Yadav / Kiran Yadav / Kummaripalli Srikanth --
3.3.1.6. Miscellaneous dairy-based probiotic beverages / Deepak Yadav / Kiran Yadav / Kummaripalli Srikanth --
3.3.2. Fermented nondairy probiotic beverages / Deepak Yadav / Kiran Yadav / Kummaripalli Srikanth --
3.4. Flavor/aroma defects in probiotics and prebiotics / Deepak Yadav / Kiran Yadav / Kummaripalli Srikanth --
3.5. Testing of flavor/sensory defects / Deepak Yadav / Kiran Yadav / Kummaripalli Srikanth --
3.6. Conclusion / Deepak Yadav / Kiran Yadav / Kummaripalli Srikanth --
References / Deepak Yadav / Kiran Yadav / Kummaripalli Srikanth --
4.1. Introduction / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Rakesh Kumar Tekade / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Namrata Soni --
4.2. The global nutraceutical industry / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Rakesh Kumar Tekade / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Namrata Soni --
4.3. Nutraceutical markets for plant extracts / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Rakesh Kumar Tekade / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Namrata Soni --
4.3.1. The European market / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Rakesh Kumar Tekade / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Namrata Soni --
4.3.2. The U.S. market / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Rakesh Kumar Tekade / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Namrata Soni --
4.4. Classification of nutraceuticals based on natural sources / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Rakesh Kumar Tekade / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Namrata Soni --
4.4.1. Plants / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Namrata Soni / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Rakesh Kumar Tekade --
4.4.2. Minerals / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Rakesh Kumar Tekade / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Namrata Soni --
4.4.2.1. Iodine / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Rakesh Kumar Tekade / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Namrata Soni --
4.4.2.2. Iron / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Rakesh Kumar Tekade / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Namrata Soni --
4.4.2.3. Zinc / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Rakesh Kumar Tekade / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Namrata Soni --
4.4.2.4. Manganese / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Namrata Soni / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Rakesh Kumar Tekade --
4.4.3. Microbes / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Namrata Soni / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Rakesh Kumar Tekade --
4.4.4. Marine / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Namrata Soni / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Rakesh Kumar Tekade --
4.4.4.1. Carbohydrates / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Namrata Soni / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Rakesh Kumar Tekade --
4.4.4.2. Proteins / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Namrata Soni / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Rakesh Kumar Tekade --
4.4.4.3. Peptides / Rahul Maheshwari / Kaushik N. Kuche / Ashika Advankar / Namrata Soni / Nidhi Raval / Piyoosh A. Sharma / Muktika Tekade / Rakesh Kumar Tekade Note continued: 5.4.7. Multi-particulate rupture / Shankar D. Katekhaye / Bhagyashree Kamble / Ashwini Ghagare / Neelam Athwale / Abhishek Kulkarni / Ashika Advankar --
5.5. Patented techniques / Shankar D. Katekhaye / Bhagyashree Kamble / Ashwini Ghagare / Neelam Athwale / Abhishek Kulkarni / Ashika Advankar --
5.5.1. Microcaps technology® / Shankar D. Katekhaye / Bhagyashree Kamble / Ashwini Ghagare / Neelam Athwale / Abhishek Kulkarni / Ashika Advankar --
5.5.2. Opadry® / Shankar D. Katekhaye / Bhagyashree Kamble / Ashwini Ghagare / Neelam Athwale / Abhishek Kulkarni / Ashika Advankar --
5.5.3. FlavoRite® / Shankar D. Katekhaye / Bhagyashree Kamble / Ashwini Ghagare / Neelam Athwale / Abhishek Kulkarni / Ashika Advankar --
5.5.4. OXPzero® / Shankar D. Katekhaye / Bhagyashree Kamble / Ashwini Ghagare / Neelam Athwale / Abhishek Kulkarni / Ashika Advankar --
5.5.5. Actimask® / Shankar D. Katekhaye / Bhagyashree Kamble / Ashwini Ghagare / Neelam Athwale / Abhishek Kulkarni / Ashika Advankar --
5.5.6. Formulcoat® / Shankar D. Katekhaye / Bhagyashree Kamble / Ashwini Ghagare / Neelam Athwale / Abhishek Kulkarni / Ashika Advankar --
5.5.7. Camouflage® / Shankar D. Katekhaye / Bhagyashree Kamble / Ashwini Ghagare / Neelam Athwale / Abhishek Kulkarni / Ashika Advankar --
5.5.8. KLEPTOSE®Linecaps / Abhishek Kulkarni / Ashwini Ghagare / Neelam Athwale / Bhagyashree Kamble / Ashika Advankar / Shankar D. Katekhaye --
5.5.9. Micromask® / Shankar D. Katekhaye / Bhagyashree Kamble / Ashwini Ghagare / Neelam Athwale / Abhishek Kulkarni / Ashika Advankar --
5.6. Conclusion / Shankar D. Katekhaye / Bhagyashree Kamble / Ashwini Ghagare / Neelam Athwale / Abhishek Kulkarni / Ashika Advankar --
References / Shankar D. Katekhaye / Bhagyashree Kamble / Ashwini Ghagare / Neelam Athwale / Abhishek Kulkarni / Ashika Advankar --
6.1. Introduction / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.2. Types of taste / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.2.1. Sweet / Geeta M. Patel / Yashwant Pathak --
6.2.2. Sour / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.2.3. Salty / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.2.4. Bitter / Geeta M. Patel / Yashwant Pathak --
6.2.5. Umami / Geeta M. Patel / Yashwant Pathak --
6.3. Importance of taste / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.4. Aspects of taste perception / Geeta M. Patel / Yashwant Pathak --
6.5. Bitter perception / Geeta M. Patel / Yashwant Pathak --
6.5.1. A common myth: Bitter is in back, sweet is in front / Geeta M. Patel / Yashwant Pathak --
6.5.2. Mechanisms of bitter taste perception / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.5.3. Bitter taste perception / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.5.4. Bitter taste receptors as potential therapeutic targets / Geeta M. Patel / Yashwant Pathak --
6.6. Genetics of sweet and bitter perception / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.6.1. Naturally occurring alleles / Geeta M. Patel / Yashwant Pathak --
6.6.2. Cross-species comparisons / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.6.3. Family and twin studies / Geeta M. Patel / Yashwant Pathak --
6.7. Taste perception and behavior / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.7.1. Challenges in the population / Geeta M. Patel / Yashwant Pathak --
6.7.2. Bitter taste and food rejection / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.8. Consumer acceptance of functional foods / Geeta M. Patel / Yashwant Pathak --
6.8.1. Socio-demographic determinants / Geeta M. Patel / Yashwant Pathak --
6.8.2. Cognitive and attitudinal determinants / Geeta M. Patel / Yashwant Pathak --
6.9. Challenges in consumer acceptance and successful marketing of products / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.9.1. Role of sensory science in decision making / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.9.2. Sensory evaluation and quality of food / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.10. Taste improvement technology / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.10.1. Taste inhibition / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.10.2. Suppression of mixture / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.10.3. Masking by encapsulation / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.10.4. Using food technology to create new flavors / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.10.5. Role of umami in food science / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
6.11. Conclusion / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
References / Yashwant Pathak / Geeta M. Patel --
7.1. Introduction / Ana Clara Aprotosoaie / Anca Miron / Irina-Iuliana Costache --
7.2. Sensory qualities of terpenes / Ana Clara Aprotosoaie / Anca Miron / Irina-Iuliana Costache --
7.3. Nutraceutical applications of terpene flavors / Ana Clara Aprotosoaie / Anca Miron / Irina-Iuliana Costache --
7.3.1. Citral / Ana Clara Aprotosoaie / Anca Miron / Irina-Iuliana Costache --
7.3.1.1. Biological properties of citral / Ana Clara Aprotosoaie / Anca Miron / Irina-Iuliana Costache --
7.3.2. Geraniol / Ana Clara Aprotosoaie / Anca Miron / Irina-Iuliana Costache --
7.3.2.1. Biological properties of geraniol / Ana Clara Aprotosoaie / Anca Miron / Irina-Iuliana Costache --
7.3.3. Menthol / Ana Clara Aprotosoaie / Anca Miron / Irina-Iuliana Costache --
7.3.3.1. Biological properties of menthol / Anca Miron / Irina-Iuliana Costache / Ana Clara Aprotosoaie --
7.4. Conclusions / Ana Clara Aprotosoaie / Anca Miron / Irina-Iuliana Costache --
References / Ana Clara Aprotosoaie / Anca Miron / Irina-Iuliana Costache --
8.1. Introduction / Richard J. Stevenson --
8.2. Sensory and affective responses to food and drink / Richard J. Stevenson --
8.3. Flavor problems with nutraceuticals / Richard J. Stevenson --
8.3.1. Taste / Richard J. Stevenson --
8.3.2. Smell / Richard J. Stevenson --
8.3.3. Somatosensation / Richard J. Stevenson --
8.3.3.1. Texture and astringency / Richard J. Stevenson --
8.3.3.2. Pungency / Richard J. Stevenson --
8.3.4. Appearance / Richard J. Stevenson --
8.4. Solutions to flavor-related problems / Richard J. Stevenson --
8.4.1. Masking / Richard J. Stevenson --
8.4.2. Exposure / Richard J. Stevenson --
8.4.3. Expectancy / Richard J. Stevenson --
8.5. Conclusions / Richard J. Stevenson --
References / Richard J. Stevenson --
9.1. Introduction / Komal Parmar / Navin Sheth / Jayvadan Patel --
9.2. Nanotechnology in flavors / Komal Parmar / Navin Sheth / Jayvadan Patel --
9.3. Techniques for nanoencapsulation of flavor components / Komal Parmar / Navin Sheth / Jayvadan Patel --
9.3.1. Spray drying / Komal Parmar / Navin Sheth / Jayvadan Patel --
9.3.2. Freeze drying / Komal Parmar / Navin Sheth / Jayvadan Patel --
9.3.3. Coacervation phase separation / Komal Parmar / Navin Sheth / Jayvadan Patel --
9.3.4. Extrusion emulsion / Komal Parmar / Navin Sheth / Jayvadan Patel --
9.3.5. Supercritical fluid technology / Komal Parmar / Navin Sheth / Jayvadan Patel --
9.3.6. Emulsion method / Komal Parmar / Navin Sheth / Jayvadan Patel --
9.3.7. Electrospray / Komal Parmar / Navin Sheth / Jayvadan Patel --
9.4. Applications of nanoencapsulation in flavor compounds / Komal Parmar / Navin Sheth / Jayvadan Patel --
9.5. Evaluation of flavor products / Komal Parmar / Navin Sheth / Jayvadan Patel --
9.6. Conclusion / Komal Parmar / Navin Sheth / Jayvadan Patel --
References / Komal Parmar / Navin Sheth / Jayvadan Patel --
10.1. Introduction / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.1.1. What is flavor? / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.1.2. Production of natural flavoring substances / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.1.2.1. Extraction processes / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.1.2.2. Distillation process / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.1.2.3. Solvent extraction / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.1.2.4. Supercritical fluid extraction / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.1.2.5. Microwave extraction / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.1.2.6. Pressurized liquid extraction / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.1.3. Biotechnological production processes / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / T. Anand / Farhath Khanum / Dongzagin Singsit / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil --
10.1.4. Flavor compounds / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.2. Perception of flavor / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand Note continued: 10.3. Flavor encapsulation / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.3.1. Flavor encapsulation challenges / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.3.2. Applications of encapsulation / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.4. Methods of nanoencapsulation of flavors / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / T. Anand / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / Gopal Kumar Sharma --
10.4.1. Physical/mechanical methods / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.4.1.1. Spray drying / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.4.1.2. Spray cooling/spray chilling or spray congealing / N. Ilaiyaraja / T. Anand / Mahanteash M. Patil / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Dongzagin Singsit --
10.4.1.3. Fluid bed spray coating / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.4.1.4. Extrusion / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.4.1.5. Freeze drying / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.4.1.6. Co-crystallization / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.4.2. Physicochemical methods / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.4.2.1. Coacervation / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.4.2.2. Liposome entrapment / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.4.3. Chemical methods / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.4.3.1. Molecular inclusion / T. Anand / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / N. Ilaiyaraja / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / Gopal Kumar Sharma --
10.4.3.2. Interfacial polymerization / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.5. Release mechanisms / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.5.1. Release rates / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.5.2. Controlled flavor release / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.5.2.1. Flavor release by diffusion / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.5.2.2. Flavor release by degradation / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.5.2.3. Flavor release by swelling / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.5.2.4. Flavor release by melting / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.5.2.5. Stability of encapsulated flavors / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / Gopal Kumar Sharma / T. Anand / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Farhath Khanum --
10.5.2.6. Characterization of nanocapsules / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
10.6. Conclusion / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
References / Farhath Khanum / Syeda Juveriya Fathima / N. Ilaiyaraja / Gopal Kumar Sharma / Mahanteash M. Patil / Dongzagin Singsit / T. Anand --
11.1. Introduction / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.2. Definition of nutraceutical / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.2.1. Categories of nutraceuticals / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.2.1.1. Dietary supplements / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Mahantesh M. Patil / Farhath Khanum / Rakesh Kumar Sharma --
11.2.1.2. Functional foods / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.2.1.3. Medicinal foods / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.2.1.4. Pharmaceuticals / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.3. Nutraceutical nomenclature in Canada and the United States / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.3.1. Nomenclature in Canada / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.3.2. Nomenclature in the United States / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.4. International market potential and quality issues / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.4.1. Market potential of nutraceuticals / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.4.2. Global quality issues / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.5. Natural antioxidants / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.5.1. Vitamins C and E / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.5.2. Polyphenols / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / T. Anand / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil / N. Ilaiyaraja --
11.5.3. Quercetin / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.6. Nanotechnology in drug delivery systems / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.6.1. Advantages of nanotechnology / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.6.2. Goals of nanotechnology / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.7. Nanoparticle preparation / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.8. Nanoencapsulation of bioactive agents/ingredients / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.8.1. Encapsulation materials / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.8.1.1. Chitosan / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.8.1.2. PLGA / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.8.1.3. TPP / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.8.1.4. Phospholipids / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.9. Methods of producing chitosan nanoparticles / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.9.1. Coacervation/precipitation / Farhath Khanum / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Mahantesh M. Patil / N. Ilaiyaraja / T. Anand --
11.9.2. Emulsion-droplet coalescence / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.9.3. Reverse micelles / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.9.4. Ionotropic gelation / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Mahantesh M. Patil / Farhath Khanum / Rakesh Kumar Sharma --
11.10. Applications of chitosan nanoparticles / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.11. Activity of nanoparticles / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.11.1. Controlled release of liposomes / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.11.2. Antimicrobial activity of nanoemulsions / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.11.3. Protein-based nanoencapsulates / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil Note continued: 11.11.4. Polysaccharide-based nanoencapsulates / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.11.5. Inorganic-based nanoencapsulates / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.12. Characterization of nanoparticles by analytical methods / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.12.1. Electron microscopy: Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.12.2. Dynamic light scattering / Mahantesh M. Patil / Farhath Khanum / N. Ilaiyaraja / T. Anand / Rakesh Kumar Sharma --
11.12.3. In-vitro evaluation of nanoparticles / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.12.4. Chemical method / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.13. Potential health benefits / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.13.1. Advantages of nanoencapsulation / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.13.1.1. Nanoencapsulation of antioxidants and flavoring agents / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.13.1.2. Nanoencapsulation of anti-cancer agents / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.14. Disadvantages of nanoencapsulation / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
11.15. Conclusions / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil --
References / T. Anand / N. Ilaiyaraja / Rakesh Kumar Sharma / Farhath Khanum / Mahantesh M. Patil.