Fire Detection

FIRE DETECTION......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
INTRODUCTION......Page 12
PART 1. MONITORING OF BOREAL FOREST FIRES IN THE TOMSK  
REGION OF WESTERN SIBERIA......Page 13
1.1. IMAGE PROCESSING......Page 15
1.2. RESULTS......Page 18
2.1. Formulation of the Problem of Fire Detection From Space......Page 25
2.2. RETRIEVAL OF THE LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE......Page 29
2.3. DISTORTIONS OF THERMAL RADIATION BY MOLECULAR 
ATMOSPHERE......Page 30
2.3.1. Selective Absorption by Spectral Lines of Atmospheric Gases......Page 31
3.1. Structure of the Program Complex......Page 36
3.2. AN EXAMPLE OF THE RTM METHOD APPLICATION......Page 37
3.3.1. Description of the Algorithm Based on the RTM Method......Page 44
3.3.2. Detection Results......Page 45
CONCLUSION......Page 46
REFERENCES......Page 47
ABSTRACT......Page 52
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 53
2.1. Fundamentals of the Lidar Technique......Page 54
2.2. Receiver and Clutter Noise......Page 56
2.3. Smoke Plume Structure......Page 59
2.4. Interaction of Smoke Plume with Laser Radiation......Page 60
2.5. Eye Safety......Page 63
3. IMPLEMENTATION......Page 66
4.1. Study of Smoke Dynamics......Page 69
4.2. Forest-Fire Detection......Page 72
4.3. Fire Detection in Industrial Environment......Page 78
5. AUTOMATED DETECTION......Page 80
6. LIDAR AND OTHER FIRE DETECTION METHODS......Page 84
REFERENCES......Page 85
INTRODUCTION......Page 90
ERROR, UNCERTAINTY AND CONFIDENCE......Page 91
OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING AND UNCERTAINTY......Page 92
UNCERTAINTY AND HARD/SOFT CLASSIFICATION FOR FIRE 
MAPPING......Page 94
ACCURACY ASSESSMENT......Page 96
Labeling Mapped Confidence In A Historic Fire Regime Reconstruction......Page 97
Classification of Burn Areas......Page 98
GIS Database......Page 100
Results......Page 101
Frequency/Return-Interval Managed Fire Regime Element......Page 103
Mapped Confidence and Fire Boundary Degradation......Page 104
Uncertainty, Variability, and Fire Regime Elements......Page 108
UNCERTAINTY AND FUTURE OF FIRE MAPPING......Page 109
REFERENCES......Page 110
ABSTRACT......Page 114
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 115
2.2. Model Description......Page 116
2.3 Fire Products and FRP-Based Coefficients......Page 118
2.4 Source Emission Parameterization and Evaluation With Observed Data......Page 119
3.1. CCATT-BRAMS Surface Simulation......Page 120
3.2. CO Spatial Distribution and Profiles......Page 123
3.3. 2002 South America Biomass Burned......Page 124
4. CONCLUSION......Page 125
REFERENCES......Page 126
INTRODUCTION......Page 130
FIRE-INDUCED MAGNETIC MINERALS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNATURES......Page 131
APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH......Page 133
REFERENCES......Page 138
ABSTRACT......Page 140
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 141
2.1. Study Area......Page 142
2.2. Description of LANDIS......Page 143
2.3.1. Species Attributes and Forest Composition Map......Page 144
2.3.2. Ecological Land Types Map......Page 146
2.5. Simulation Scenarios......Page 147
3.1. Verification of the Simulated Fire Regimes......Page 148
3.3. Fuel Load and Fire Risk......Page 149
4.1. Forest Composition and Age Structure......Page 152
4.3. Fuel Accumulation and Fire Risk......Page 153
4.5. Some Limitations......Page 154
REFERENCES......Page 155
ABSTRACT......Page 160
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 161
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE WIRELESS THERMAL SENSOR AND THE EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY......Page 162
3. DERIVATION OF A SIMPLIFIED RADIATIVE  FLAME MODEL......Page 167
4. INVERSE METHOD......Page 172
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 173
6. THEORETICAL EXTRAPOLATION OF THE METHODOLOGY TO ANY 
SHAPE OF FIRE FRONT......Page 176
7. CONCLUSION......Page 180
REFERENCES......Page 181
INTRODUCTION......Page 184
1.2. Forest Fire History Map and Data......Page 186
2.1. General Trends......Page 187
2.2. High Fire Years and Weather......Page 189
3.1. Fire Monitoring by Satellites and Fire Occurrence Tendency in 2004......Page 191
3.2 Smoke from Forest Fires and Fire Expansion Observed by Satellite......Page 193
3.4 Detailed Fire Expansion Analysis Using Hotspot Data......Page 194
3.5 Fire Weather Parameters and Fire Behavior According to MODIS......Page 196
4. FOR FUTURE FIRE PREVENTION STRATEGY......Page 197
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 198
REFERENCES......Page 199
INDEX......Page 202