Fingerprints: Processing, Analysis and Understanding

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Part I: Fingerprint Analysis
1. The History of Fingerprints
	Outline of the History of Fingerprints
		Early Cases Resulting in the Acceptance of Fingerprints
	Early Nonsystematic Methods of Identification
	Chapter 1 Study Questions
2. Systematic Methods of Identification
	Bertillonage
	Fingerprints
		Definitions Associated with Fingerprints
		Fingerprint Patterns and Ridge Characteristics
		More Fingerprint Definitions
	Chapter 2 Study Questions
3. Fingerprint Pattern Types and Associated Terminology
	Loop Pattern
	Loop Ridge Counting
	Radial and Ulnar Loops
	Other Issues Pertaining to Loops
	Plain Arch and Tented Arch Patterns
		The Plain Arch
		The Tented Arch
	The Whorl Pattern
		Plain Whorl
		Central Pocket Loop Whorl
		Double Loop Whorl
		Accidental Whorl
	Ridge Tracing and Counting Whorl Patterns
	The Palm Print
	Chapter 3 Study Questions
4. Introduction to Classification Systems
	Henry with FBI Extension
	Ridge Count Conversion
	Conversion Chart for Ridge Counts
	Referencing
	Filing Sequence
	NCIC Classification System
	IAFIS
	Other Fingerprint Systems (Manual Methods or Systems)
	Chapter 4 Study Questions
Part II: Development, Identification, and Presentation of Fingerprints
5. Known/Direct/Inked Fingerprints: Processing Techniques for Unknown/Latent Fingerprints
	Known Fingerprints
	Manual Method
	Live Scan ( through )
	Unknown Fingerprints (Commonly Referred to as Latent Prints)
	Conditions Affecting Latent Prints
	The Crime Scene Search and Fingerprint Development
	Fingerprint Development Techniques (see Appendix A)
		Powder Techniques
		Chemical Techniques
			Fluorescent Powders
			Cyanoacrylate Ester
			Fuming or Tenting Method
			CAE Wand Method
			Iodine Fuming
			Fuming Gun
			Fuming Cabinet
			Ninhydrin Method
			DFO (1,8-Diazafluoren-9-one)/PD (Physical Developer)
			1,2-Indanedione Reagent
			MBD
			Nile Red Dye Stain
			Oil Red O (ORO)
			R.A.M. Dye Stain—Rhodamine, Ardox, and MBD
			Rhodamine
			Ardrox Dye Stain—Alcoholic Premix
		Ardrox Dye Stain—Aqueous Premix
		Basic Yellow 40 Dye Stain
			Crystal Violet (Gentian Violet)
			Sticky Side Powder®
			Analogs That React with Blood
			Coomassie Blue
			Leucocrystal Violet
			Sudan Black
			Blue Star
			Fluorescein
	Fingerprint Comparison and Identification
	Chapter 5 Study Questions
6. Court Preparation and Presentation
	Preparation of the Exhibit
	Courtroom Etiquette
	Qualifying the Expert Witness
	Courtroom Testimony
	Presentation of the Exhibit
	The historic case that allowed fingerprint evidence in the courtroom (People v. Jennings, 1911)
	Review
	Challenges to the Science of Fingerprints
	Federal Rules of Evidence Rule 702
	Chapter 6 Study Questions
Appendix A: Techniques/Developers
Appendix B:
	Protocol for Preliminary Examination
		Preparation
	Expert Fingerprint Testimony—Preliminary Examination
	Expert Fingerprint Testimony—Jury Trial
Appendix C:
	Fingerprint Examination Report
Bibliography
Glossary
Index