Finding the big bang

Cover\nTitle Page\nCopyright\nContents\nPreface\nList of Contributors\n1. Introduction\n2. A Guide to Modern Cosmology\n	2.1 The expanding universe\n	2.2 The thermal cosmic microwave background radiation\n	2.3 What is the universe made of?\n3. Origins of the Cosmology of the 1960s\n	3.1 Nucleosynthesis in a hot big bang\n	3.2 Nucleosynthesis in alternative cosmologies\n	3.3 Thermal radiation from a bouncing universe\n	3.4 Interstellar molecules and the sea of microwave radiation\n	3.5 Direct detection of the microwave radiation\n	3.6 Cosmology in the early 1960s\n		3.6.1 The steady state cosmology and the cosmological tests\n		3.6.2 Light elements from the big bang\n		3.6.3 Radiation from the big bang\n		3.6.4 Galaxy formation\n		3.6.5 The situation in the early 1960s\n4. Recollections of the 1960s\n	4.1 Precursor evidence from communications experiments\n		4.1.1 David C. Hogg: Early low-noise and related studies at Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ\n	4.2 Precursor evidence from interstellar molecules\n		4.2.1 Neville J. Woolf: Conversations with Dicke\n		4.2.2 George B. Field: Cyanogen and the CMBR\n		4.2.3 Patrick Thaddeus: Measuring the cosmic microwave background with interstellar molecules\n	4.3 Precursor evidence from element abundances\n		4.3.1 Donald E. Osterbrock: The helium content of the universe\n	4.4 The path to the hot big bang in the Soviet Union\n		4.4.1 Yuri Nikolaevich Smirnov: Unforgettable Yakov Zel\'dovich\n		4.4.2 Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov: Cosmology in the Soviet Union in the 1960s\n		4.4.3 Andrei Georgievich Doroshkevich: Cosmologyin the 1960s\n		4.4.4 Rashid Sunyaev: When we were young ...\n		4.4.5 Malcolm S. Longair: Moscow 1968–1969\n	4.5 Detection at Bell Laboratories\n		4.5.1 Arno Penzias: Encountering cosmology\n		4.5.2 Robert W. Wilson: Two astronomical discoveries\n	4.6 The Bell Laboratories–Princeton connection\n		4.6.1 Bernard F. Burke: Radio astronomy from first contacts to the CMBR\n		4.6.2 Kenneth C. Turner: Spreading the word – or how the news went from Princeton to Holmdel\n	4.7 Developments at Princeton\n		4.7.1 P. James E. Peebles: How I learned physical cosmology\n		4.7.2 David T. Wilkinson: Measuring the cosmic microwave background radiation\n		4.7.3 Peter G. Roll: Recollections of the second measurement of the CMBR at Princeton University in 1965\n		4.7.4 R. Bruce Partridge: Early days of the primeval fireball\n	4.8 Developments at Cambridge\n		4.8.1 Malcolm S. Longair: Cambridge cosmology in the 1960s\n		4.8.2 John Faulkner: The day Fred Hoyle thought he had disproved the big bang theory\n		4.8.3 Robert V. Wagoner: An initial impact of the CMBR on nucleosynthesis in big and little bangs\n		4.8.4 Martin Rees: Cosmology and relativistic astrophysics in Cambridge\n	4.9 Critical reactions to the hot big bang interpretation\n		4.9.1 Geoffrey R. Burbidge and Jayant V. Narlikar: Some comments on the early history of the CMBR\n		4.9.2 David Layzer: My reaction to the discovery of the CMBR\n		4.9.3 Michele Kaufman: Not the correct explanation for the CMBR\n	4.10 Measuring the CMBR energy spectrum\n		4.10.1 Jasper V. Wall: The CMB – how to observe and not see\n		4.10.2 John R. Shakeshaft: Early CMBR observations at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory\n		4.10.3 William ``Jack\'\'  Welch: Experiments with the CMBR\n		4.10.4 Kazimir S. Stankevich: Investigation of the background radiation in the early years of its discovery\n		4.10.5 Paul Boynton: Testing the fireball hypothesis\n		4.10.6 Robert A. Stokes: Early spectral measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation\n		4.10.7 Martin Harwit: An attempt at detecting the cosmic background radiation in the early 1960s\n		4.10.8 Judith L. Pipher: Being a young graduate student in interesting times – Ignoring the forest for the trees\n		4.10.9 Kandiah Shivanandan: The big bang, brighter than a thousand suns\n		4.10.10 Rainer Weiss: CMBR research at MIT shortly after the discovery – is there a blackbody peak?\n	4.11 Structure in the distributions of matter and radiation\n		4.11.1 Yu Jer-tsang: Clusters and superclusters of galaxies\n		4.11.2 Rainer K. Sachs: The synergy of mathematics and physics\n		4.11.3 Arthur M. Wolfe: CMBR reminiscences\n		4.11.4 Joe Silk: A journey through time\n		4.11.5 George F. R. Ellis: The cosmic background radiation and the initial singularity\n	4.12 Measuring the CMBR anisotropy\n		4.12.1 Ronald N. Bracewell and Edward K. Conklin: Early cosmic background studies at Stanford Radio Astronomy Institute\n		4.12.2 Stephen Boughn: The early days of the CMBR – An undergraduate\'s perspective\n		4.12.3 Karl C. Davis: Going the \"easy\" direction – and finding a lot of the wrong thing\n		4.12.4 Paul S. Henry: Driven to drink – Pursuit of the cosmic microwave background radiation\n5. Cosmology and the CMBR Since the 1960s\n	5.1 The CMBR energy spectrum\n	5.2 The aether drift\n	5.3 The CMBR intrinsic anisotropy spectrum\n		5.3.1 Theoretical concepts\n		5.3.2 Advances in the anisotropy measurements and analysis\n	5.4 The cosmological tests\n	5.5 Lessons\nAppendix\nGlossary\nReferences\nIndex\nПустая страница\nПустая страница