Federalism and the Welfare State: New World and European Experiences

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Figures......Page 10
Tables......Page 11
Contributors......Page 13
Preface......Page 14
Note on illustrations......Page 16
1 Introduction: Federalism and the welfare state......Page 19
Federalism and social policy......Page 20
What is federalism?......Page 26
Families of nations and types of federalism......Page 28
The pluralism of federalism......Page 32
Varieties of welfare states......Page 41
How federalism affects the welfare state: theoretical approaches......Page 47
Public choice......Page 49
Political institutionalism(s)......Page 53
Synthesis......Page 60
The book at a glance......Page 64
Part 1: New World experiences......Page 67
Introduction......Page 69
The federal settlement......Page 71
Social expenditure trends......Page 80
Future portents......Page 82
Marking time......Page 86
Federal departures......Page 90
A balance of probabilities......Page 94
Recent social expenditure trends......Page 99
Innovations and renovations......Page 101
The end of the Australian model?......Page 104
Introduction......Page 107
Territorial politics and Canadian federalism......Page 108
Federalism and the expansion of the welfare state......Page 113
Decentralized welfare and a slow start......Page 114
Semi-centralized welfare and diverging trajectories......Page 119
Federalism and the politics of restructuring......Page 134
Classical federalism and exclusively federal programmes......Page 136
Joint decision federalism......Page 138
Shared-cost federalism......Page 139
Summary......Page 146
The impact of the welfare state on federalism......Page 147
Conclusions......Page 152
Evaluating the effects of federalism......Page 156
Policy variation......Page 158
Race to the bottom......Page 160
Constitutional limits......Page 161
Policy experimentation......Page 162
The American federal system......Page 163
An overview of US social policies......Page 170
Before the New Deal......Page 178
The New Deal......Page 179
The war on poverty......Page 184
Nixon and Reagan......Page 186
Clinton and Gingrich......Page 189
Social policy and federalism......Page 193
Future federalisms and future social policies......Page 194
Part 2: European experiences......Page 197
Introduction......Page 199
Constitutional framework......Page 200
Social policy from the ‘top down’......Page 202
Constitutional framework......Page 206
Social policy in the First Republic......Page 207
Federalism as a laboratory of social policy: Red Vienna......Page 211
Austro-fascism and National-Socialist rule (1934–1945)......Page 213
Constitutional framework......Page 214
Party politics......Page 218
Social policy in the 'golden age'......Page 219
Federalism and the 'new politics' of the welfare state......Page 227
Conclusion......Page 237
Introduction......Page 240
Bismarckian social legislation as a federalist compromise......Page 243
Weimar and the conflict over resources and competencies......Page 249
The Federal Republic’s welfare state and fiscal joint decision traps......Page 260
Conclusion......Page 278
Introduction......Page 281
Switzerland: a multi-tiered welfare state......Page 282
Constitutional framework......Page 287
Advancing from defeat to defeat: Swiss social policy, 1874–1939......Page 288
Into the 'golden age'......Page 297
Policy-making in an age of austerity: the 1990s......Page 304
Varieties of cantonal welfare regimes......Page 310
Conclusion......Page 318
Part 3: Conclusion......Page 323
8 ‘Old’ and ‘new politics’ in federal welfare states......Page 325
What the case studies say......Page 326
The impact of federalism in comparative perspective......Page 335
The 'old politics' of the welfare state......Page 336
The 'new politics' of the welfare state......Page 350
Synthesis......Page 356
Beyond 'old' and 'new politics': federalism as a laboratory for social experimentation......Page 358
Feedback effects: the intended and unintended consequences of the welfare state......Page 361
Intended effects......Page 362
Unintended effects......Page 364
The future of the federal welfare state......Page 371
Index......Page 374