Faust’s Anesthesiology Review

Front Cover......Page 0
Inside Front Cover......Page 2
Faust's Anesthesiology Review......Page 3
Copyright Page......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contributors......Page 8
Preface......Page 23
Foreword......Page 24
Table Of Contents......Page 25
Video Contents......Page 33
1 Medical Gas Supply......Page 35
Electrical Supply......Page 37
Thermal Injury......Page 38
Prevention......Page 39
Suggested Readings......Page 41
Variables Affecting Vapor Concentration......Page 42
2. Vaporizer in Use......Page 43
Absorbent Chemistry......Page 44
Suggested Readings......Page 45
Retention of Carbon Dioxide......Page 46
Sidestream Versus Mainstream Sampling......Page 47
Capnograms......Page 48
7 Tracheal Tubes......Page 50
Supraglottic Airways......Page 53
Facemasks......Page 54
Suggested Readings......Page 55
Stimulation of Airway Reflexes......Page 56
Ignition......Page 57
Suggested Readings......Page 58
Airway Pressure Monitors......Page 59
Disconnect Alarm Management......Page 60
Accuracy......Page 61
Electrocautery......Page 62
Suggested Readings......Page 63
Cardiac Output......Page 64
Equipment and Cannulation......Page 65
Dynamic Indexes of Fluid Responsiveness......Page 66
Neuromuscular Physiology......Page 67
Train-of-Four Stimulation......Page 68
Quantitative Monitoring of the Neuromuscular Junction......Page 69
The Evoked Potential Waveform......Page 70
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials......Page 71
Electromyography......Page 72
Suggested Readings......Page 73
The Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve......Page 75
15 Blood Gas Temperature Correction......Page 76
pH-Stat Versus α-Stat......Page 77
Pneumotaxic Center......Page 78
Central......Page 79
Carbon Dioxide Transport......Page 80
Renal System......Page 81
Suggested Readings......Page 82
Surface Tension at the Alveolar Gas/Liquid Interface......Page 83
Principles of Gas Flow and Resistance......Page 84
Suggested Readings......Page 85
Pulmonary Blood Flow......Page 86
Dead Space......Page 87
Suggested Readings......Page 88
Measurement of Functional Residual Capacity......Page 89
Forced Expiratory Spirography......Page 90
Tests of Efficiency of Gas Exchange......Page 91
Suggested Readings......Page 92
Management......Page 93
Clinical Features......Page 95
Management......Page 96
Ventilation/Perfusion Mismatch......Page 97
Acknowledgment......Page 98
Suggested Readings......Page 99
23 Cardiac Cycle......Page 100
Control......Page 101
Synchronicity......Page 102
24 Physiologic Determinants of Cardiac Output......Page 103
Preload......Page 104
Summary......Page 105
Coronary Perfusion Pressure......Page 106
Other Factors......Page 107
Narrow Complex Tachycardia......Page 108
Wide Complex Tachycardia......Page 109
Diagnosis......Page 110
27 Bradyarrhythmias......Page 111
Intraoperative Bradycardia......Page 112
Other Causes of Bradycardia......Page 113
Sympathetic Nervous System......Page 114
Functional Effects......Page 117
Anatomy......Page 118
Neurotransmitters......Page 119
Receptor Subtypes......Page 120
Sympathomimetic Amines......Page 121
Cerebral Metabolic Rate......Page 122
Carbon Dioxide Reactivity......Page 123
Intravenously Administered Anesthetic Agents......Page 124
Neuromuscular Junction......Page 125
Nerve Terminal Depolarization......Page 126
Presynaptic Receptors......Page 127
Suggested Readings......Page 128
Tubular Reabsorption......Page 129
Fractional Excretion of Sodium......Page 133
Blood Urea Nitrogen......Page 134
Suggested Readings......Page 135
Types of Acid-Base Disorders......Page 136
Metabolic Acidosis......Page 137
Respiratory Acidosis......Page 138
Hyperkalemia......Page 139
Hypercalcemia......Page 140
Suggested Readings......Page 141
Hepatic Blood Flow......Page 142
Suggested Readings......Page 143
Low–Extraction Ratio Elimination......Page 144
Phase 2 Reactions......Page 145
Suggested Readings......Page 146
Interior of the Larynx......Page 147
Considerations With the Infant Larynx......Page 148
Coronary Circulation......Page 149
Myocardial Conduction System......Page 151
Suggested Readings......Page 152
Standard Views......Page 153
Anterior Circulation......Page 155
Posterior Circulation......Page 156
Suggested Readings......Page 157
Blood Supply......Page 158
Suggested Readings......Page 163
Anatomy of the Brachial Plexus......Page 164
Suggested Readings......Page 165
44 Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of General Anesthesia......Page 167
Protein-Based Hypotheses......Page 168
Selected Readings......Page 169
Solubility......Page 170
Second Gas Effect......Page 171
Suggested Readings......Page 172
Minimum Alveolar Partial Pressure......Page 173
Derivatives of Minimum Alveolar Concentration......Page 174
Suggested Readings......Page 175
Right-to-Left Shunt......Page 176
Suggested Readings......Page 177
Minimum Alveolar Concentration......Page 178
Shunts......Page 179
Suggested Readings......Page 180
Neurologic Toxicity......Page 181
Middle Ear......Page 182
Systemic Vascular Resistance......Page 183
Sensitivity to Epinephrine......Page 184
Suggested Readings......Page 185
Neuroprotection vs. Neurotoxicity......Page 186
Pneumocephalus......Page 187
Suggested Readings......Page 188
Physiologic Effects......Page 189
Breakdown Products......Page 190
Hepatic Blood Supply......Page 191
Hepatic Metabolism of Inhaled Anesthetic Agents......Page 192
Suggested Readings......Page 193
Respiratory System......Page 194
Suggested Readings......Page 195
Central Nervous System......Page 196
Pediatric Effects......Page 197
Structure......Page 198
Cardiovascular System......Page 199
Clinical Use......Page 200
Suggested Readings......Page 201
Central Nervous System Effects......Page 202
Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia......Page 203
Clinical Use......Page 204
Pharmacology......Page 205
Succinylcholine-Associated Apnea......Page 206
Increased Intragastric Pressure......Page 207
Alterations in Sensitivity......Page 208
Vecuronium......Page 209
Suggested Readings......Page 210
Respiratory Effects......Page 211
Teratogenicity and Carcinogenicity......Page 212
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors......Page 213
Sugammadex......Page 216
Pharmacology......Page 217
Considerations in Select Populations......Page 219
Atropine......Page 220
Scopolamine......Page 221
Suggested Readings......Page 222
Organ Effects Outside of the Central Nervous System......Page 223
Cardiovascular System......Page 224
Metabolism......Page 225
Suggested Readings......Page 226
Metabolism......Page 227
Adverse Effects......Page 228
Clinical Implications......Page 229
Milrinone......Page 230
Norepinephrine......Page 231
Suggested Readings......Page 232
Clinical Implications......Page 233
Vasopressin......Page 234
Epinephrine......Page 235
Suggested Readings......Page 236
Toxicity......Page 237
Mechanism of Action......Page 238
Metabolism......Page 239
Adverse Effects......Page 240
Indications for β-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade......Page 241
Acknowledgments......Page 243
Classes of Drugs......Page 244
Verapamil......Page 245
Suggested Readings......Page 246
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors......Page 247
Classification of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors......Page 248
Aldosterone Antagonists......Page 249
Suggested Readings......Page 250
Resorcinols......Page 251
Methylxanthines......Page 252
Suggested Readings......Page 253
Metabolic Acidosis......Page 254
Neonatal Acidosis From Apnea and Circulatory Collapse......Page 255
Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction......Page 256
Suggested Readings......Page 257
Serotonin Syndrome......Page 258
Suggested Readings......Page 259
Mechanism of Action......Page 260
Cardiovascular System......Page 261
Suggested Readings......Page 262
Antidopaminergic Drugs......Page 263
α2-Agonists......Page 264
Suggested Readings......Page 265
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Hetastarch and Pentastarch......Page 267
Suggested Readings......Page 268
Crossmatch......Page 269
Red Blood Cells: Collection, Storage, and Administration......Page 270
Red Blood Cell Transfusion......Page 271
Indications for Platelet Transfusion......Page 272
Suggested Readings......Page 273
Intraoperative Complications......Page 274
Postoperative Complications......Page 275
Pathophysiology......Page 276
Complications......Page 277
Suggested Readings......Page 278
Anaphylactic Reactions......Page 279
Hypotensive Transfusion Reactions......Page 280
Posttransfusion Purpura (PTP)......Page 281
Immunomodulation......Page 282
Coronary Artery Disease......Page 283
Transfusion Protocols......Page 284
Desmopressin......Page 285
Suggested Readings......Page 286
Assessing Surgical Risk......Page 287
Applying the Revised American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines......Page 288
Perioperative β-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade......Page 289
Suggested Readings......Page 290
Respiratory Outcomes......Page 291
Surgery Represents an Excellent Opportunity for Smoking Cessation......Page 292
Pathophysiology......Page 293
Screening for OSA......Page 294
Patients With Diagnosed OSA......Page 295
Perioperative Considerations and Risk-Mitigation Strategies......Page 296
Suggested Readings......Page 297
Risk Factors......Page 298
Treatment......Page 299
Metabolism......Page 300
Anesthetic Management of Patients With Alcohol Use Disorders......Page 301
Serotonin Specific Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)......Page 302
Non-Allergic Reactions......Page 303
Prevention of Latex Allergy......Page 304
91 The Evaluation and Management of Prolonged Emergence From Anesthesia......Page 305
Anesthetic Agents......Page 306
Neurologic Causes of Delayed Emergence......Page 307
92 Delirium in the Postanesthesia Care Unit......Page 308
Predisposing and Perioperative Risk Factors......Page 309
Outcomes and Long-Term Consequences......Page 310
Suggested Readings......Page 311
Nerve Cell Membrane and Depolarization......Page 313
Action of Local Anesthetic Agents......Page 314
Dose of Local Anesthetic Agent......Page 315
Methemoglobinemia......Page 316
Liposuction......Page 317
Epinephrine......Page 318
Alpha-2 Agonists: Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine......Page 319
Liposomal Bupivacaine......Page 320
Suggested Readings......Page 321
NSAIDs......Page 322
Ketamine......Page 323
Terminology......Page 324
Local Anesthetic Agents......Page 325
Parabulbar (Sub-Tenon’s) Block......Page 326
Suggested Readings......Page 327
Spinal Anesthetic Agents......Page 328
Emerging Concerns in Neuraxial Anesthesia......Page 329
Identification of the Epidural Space......Page 330
Selection and Dose of Local Anesthetic Agent......Page 331
Suggested Readings......Page 333
Advantages......Page 334
Suggested Readings......Page 335
Vitamin K Antagonists (Warfarin)......Page 336
Low Molecular Weight Heparin......Page 337
Apixaban......Page 338
Antiplatelet Medications......Page 339
Technique......Page 340
Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block......Page 342
Axillary Brachial Plexus Block......Page 343
Side Effects and Complications......Page 345
Contraindications......Page 346
Landmarks......Page 347
Complications......Page 348
PEC Block Performance......Page 349
Complications......Page 350
Relevant Anatomy......Page 351
Clinical Applications......Page 352
Anatomy and Technique......Page 353
Adverse Effects and Complications......Page 354
Posterior Approach (Labat)......Page 355
Suggested Readings......Page 356
Technique......Page 357
Ultrasound-Guided Block......Page 358
Introduction......Page 359
Complications......Page 360
Use in “High-Risk” Populations......Page 361
Ultrasound Imaging Physics......Page 362
Ultrasound Equipment......Page 363
Ultrasound Imaging Artifacts......Page 364
Suggested Readings......Page 366
108 Cerebral Protection......Page 367
Glucose Metabolism......Page 368
Suggested Readings......Page 369
Intracranial Elastance......Page 370
Fluids......Page 371
Suggested Readings......Page 372
Implantation of Deep Brain Stimulators......Page 373
Resective Procedures......Page 374
Suggested Readings......Page 375
Preoperative Assessment and Patient Selection......Page 376
MAC......Page 377
Suggested Readings......Page 378
Aneurysm Rupture......Page 379
Anesthetic Management......Page 380
Suggested Readings......Page 381
Acromegaly......Page 382
Pituitary Hyperthyroidism......Page 383
Suggested Readings......Page 384
Advantages of the Sitting Position......Page 385
Monitoring......Page 386
Suggested Readings......Page 387
Morbidity and Mortality......Page 388
Treatment......Page 389
116 Perioperative Implications of Caring for Patients With Epilepsy......Page 390
Effect of Antiepileptic Drugs on Perioperative Patient Care......Page 391
Progression of EEG During Induction of General Anesthesia......Page 392
Etomidate......Page 393
Suggested Readings......Page 394
Physiologic Effects......Page 395
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials......Page 396
Suggested Readings......Page 397
Metabolic Considerations......Page 398
Suggested Readings......Page 399
Surgery......Page 400
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring......Page 401
Positioning......Page 402
Suggested Readings......Page 403
Monitoring for Myocardial Injury and Infarction......Page 405
Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome......Page 406
Suggested Readings......Page 407
Chronic Heart Failure......Page 408
Treatment of Heart Failure......Page 409
Electrocardiography of the Right Ventricle......Page 410
Afterload......Page 411
Evaluation and Treatment of Right Ventricular Dysfunction......Page 412
Tricuspid Regurgitation......Page 414
Suggested Readings......Page 415
Total Artificial Heart......Page 416
Preoperative Considerations......Page 417
Postoperative Management......Page 419
Suggested Readings......Page 420
Recommendations......Page 421
Suggested Readings......Page 423
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Hemodynamics and Hemodilution......Page 424
Suggested Readings......Page 425
Disadvantages......Page 426
Surgical Considerations......Page 427
Preoperative Assessment......Page 428
Visoelastic Measurement of Coagulation......Page 429
Platelet Function Monitoring......Page 430
Suggested Readings......Page 431
Administration and Monitoring of Heparin During Cardiopulmonary Bypass......Page 432
Heparin Alternatives for Cardiopulmonary Bypass......Page 433
Suggested Readings......Page 434
Natural History......Page 435
Surgical Correction......Page 436
Anesthesia for Patients With Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery......Page 437
Pathophysiology of Mitral Regurgitation......Page 438
Natural History of Mitral Regurgitation......Page 440
Anesthetic Considerations in the Patient With Mitral Regurgitation......Page 441
Suggested Readings......Page 444
Patient Selection......Page 445
Devices and Insertion Techniques......Page 446
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation......Page 447
Suggested Readings......Page 449
Preoperative Evaluation/Preparation......Page 450
Electromagnetic Interference......Page 451
Acknowledgement......Page 452
Suggested Readings......Page 453
The Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator System......Page 454
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Magnets......Page 455
Intraoperative Management......Page 456
Suggested Readings......Page 457
Indications......Page 458
Acknowledgment......Page 459
The Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuit......Page 460
Fraction of Oxygen in the Sweep Gas......Page 461
Indications......Page 462
Indications for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Respiratory Failure......Page 463
Infections......Page 464
Suggested Readings......Page 465
Blood Pressure......Page 466
Chronic Opioid Therapy and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality......Page 467
Suggesteds Reading......Page 468
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Additional Information in Chapter 31)......Page 469
Premedication......Page 470
Suggested Readings......Page 471
Preoperative Preparation......Page 472
Treatment of Hypoxemia for Bronchoscopy......Page 473
Bronchoscopy Management of Central Airway Obstruction......Page 474
Suggested Readings......Page 475
Tube Selection......Page 476
Double-Lumen Tube Placement Technique......Page 477
Mechanism of Hypoxemia......Page 478
Preoperative and Intraoperative Condition of the Dependent Lung......Page 479
Miscellaneous Causes of Hypoxemia......Page 480
Etiology......Page 481
Anesthetic Considerations......Page 482
Physics and Physiology......Page 483
High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation......Page 484
144 Thoracotomy Pain Management......Page 485
Spinal Opioids......Page 486
Suggested Readings......Page 487
Regional Anesthetic Agents......Page 489
Mechanisms and Prevention of Perioperative Hypothermia......Page 490
Hyperglycemia......Page 491
Oxygen Tension......Page 493
Suggested Readings......Page 494
Airway and Pulmonary Effects......Page 495
Pharmacologic Implications......Page 496
Suggested Readings......Page 497
Surgical Procedures for Weight Loss......Page 498
Facility Expertise......Page 500
Introduction......Page 501
TURP Syndrome......Page 502
Prevention of Complications......Page 503
Technical Aspects......Page 504
Complications......Page 506
151 Anesthesia for Laryngeal Surgery......Page 507
Vocal Cord Surgery......Page 508
Suggested Readings......Page 510
Management of the Difficult Airway......Page 511
Trauma Patients......Page 513
Patient Counseling......Page 514
Preoperative Optimization......Page 515
Pain Management......Page 517
Suggested Readings......Page 518
154 Monitored Anesthesia Care......Page 519
Suggested Readings......Page 520
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Safety......Page 521
Anesthetic Management......Page 522
Suggested Readings......Page 523
Preoperative Assessment......Page 524
Acknowledgement......Page 525
Suggested Readings......Page 526
Treatment......Page 527
Background......Page 528
Operational Considerations......Page 529
Patient Safety......Page 530
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography......Page 531
Introduction......Page 532
Spectrum of Sedation and Anesthesia......Page 533
Neurologic Interventional Radiologic Imaging......Page 534
Carotid Artery Stenting......Page 535
Cerebral Aneurysms......Page 536
Suggested Readings......Page 537
Complications of Diabetes......Page 538
Preoperative Assessment......Page 539
Suggested Readings......Page 540
The Patient With Known Thyroid Disease......Page 541
Suggested Readings......Page 542
Treatment......Page 543
Suggested Readings......Page 544
Intraoperative Anesthetic Management......Page 545
165 Anesthesia for Patients With Hepatocellular Disease......Page 546
Anesthesia Considerations......Page 547
166 Anesthesia for the Patient Undergoing Liver Transplantation......Page 548
Anesthesia......Page 549
Coagulation and Transfusion Management......Page 550
Pathophysiology of Autonomic Dysreflexia......Page 551
Clinical Features......Page 552
Prevention and Treatment......Page 553
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 554
Hepatic Function......Page 555
Neurologic System......Page 556
Uterine Physiology......Page 557
Antepartum Fetal Assessment......Page 558
Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring......Page 559
References......Page 560
Epidural Analgesia......Page 561
Nitrous Oxide......Page 563
Suggested Readings......Page 564
Labor Analgesia......Page 565
Suggested Readings......Page 566
Tocolytic Agents......Page 567
Suggested Readings......Page 568
Etiology and Pathophysiology......Page 569
Treatment......Page 570
Suggested Readings......Page 571
Emergent or Urgent Cesarean Delivery......Page 572
Suggested Readings......Page 573
Preoperative Preparation......Page 574
Suggested Readings......Page 575
176 Anesthesia for Fetal Surgery......Page 576
Anesthesia for Open Fetal Surgery......Page 577
Anesthesia for Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedures......Page 579
177 Anesthesia for External Cephalic Version......Page 580
Suggested Readings......Page 582
Postpartum Hemorrhage......Page 583
Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage......Page 584
Suggested Readings......Page 585
Local Anesthesia......Page 586
Neuraxial Anesthesia......Page 587
180 Maternal Diabetes......Page 588
Suggested Readings......Page 589
Data: Clinical Studies......Page 591
Association......Page 593
Apnea......Page 594
Necrotizing Enterocolitis......Page 595
Pharmacologic Concerns......Page 596
Pathophysiology of Meconium Passage in Utero......Page 597
Treatment Before Delivery......Page 598
Suggested Readings......Page 599
Development Neuroscience......Page 600
Anesthetic and Sedative Drugs......Page 601
Conclusion......Page 602
Suggested Readings......Page 603
Transition to Neonatal Circulation......Page 604
Suggested Readings......Page 606
Vocal Folds......Page 607
Suggested Readings......Page 608
Fluid Replacement......Page 609
Glucose Management......Page 610
Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agent: Succinylcholine......Page 611
Mivacurium......Page 612
Etiology, Embryology, and Pathophysiology......Page 613
Prenatal Management: Fetal Endoscopic Tracheal Occlusion (FETO)......Page 614
Surgery and Timing......Page 615
Suggested Readings......Page 616
Goldenhar Syndrome......Page 617
Anesthetic Management of the Difficult Pediatric Airway......Page 618
191 Congenital Heart Disease......Page 619
Anesthetic Management......Page 620
Tracheoesophageal Fistula......Page 621
Omphalocele......Page 622
193 Neonatal Resuscitation......Page 623
Neonatal Resuscitation Program Basics......Page 624
Unique Considerations......Page 626
194 Pyloric Stenosis......Page 627
Suggested Readings......Page 628
Mapleson A Circuit......Page 629
Mapleson D Circuit......Page 630
196 Croup Versus Epiglottitis......Page 632
Acute Epiglottitis......Page 633
Introduction......Page 634
Intraoperative......Page 635
Clinical Manifestations......Page 636
Head and Neck Abnormalities......Page 637
Suggested Readings......Page 638
Muscular Dystrophy......Page 639
Suggested Readings......Page 640
Coexisting Organ System Dysfunction......Page 641
Induction of Anesthesia and Airway Management......Page 642
Suggested Readings......Page 643
Femoral......Page 644
References......Page 645
Peripheral Terminal......Page 647
Dorsal Root Ganglion......Page 648
Nerve Injury......Page 649
Suggested Readings......Page 650
Ketamine......Page 651
Intrathecal Drug Delivery System......Page 652
204 Patient-Controlled Analgesia......Page 653
Initial Setup......Page 654
Suggested Readings......Page 655
205 Neuraxial Opioids......Page 656
Definitions......Page 657
Etiology......Page 658
Procedural Techniques......Page 659
Postdural Puncture Headache......Page 660
Patient Characteristics Associated With Postoperative Headache......Page 661
Mechanisms of Cancer Pain......Page 662
Adjuvant Analgesic Agents......Page 663
Neuraxial Administered Analgesia......Page 664
Other Approaches......Page 665
Pathophysiology......Page 666
Surgical Procedures......Page 667
Medication Options......Page 668
Suggested Readings......Page 669
Technique......Page 670
Acknowledgement......Page 671
Technique......Page 672
Fluoroscopically-Guided Technique......Page 673
Suggested Readings......Page 674
Procedure......Page 675
Adverse Effects......Page 676
Patient Selection......Page 677
Outcome Studies......Page 678
Suggested Readings......Page 679
Pulmonary Effects......Page 681
Cardiovascular Effects......Page 682
Suggested Readings......Page 683
Intraoperative Management of Glycemic Control......Page 684
Hypoglycemia......Page 685
Introduction......Page 686
Management......Page 687
Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation......Page 688
Pathophysiology......Page 689
Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension......Page 690
Regional Techniques......Page 691
Suggested Readings......Page 692
Intraoperative Monitoring......Page 693
Postoperative Management......Page 694
Causes and Treatment......Page 695
221 Sepsis and Septic Shock......Page 696
Initial Resuscitation......Page 698
Antibiotic Therapy and Source Control......Page 699
Corticosteroids......Page 700
Supportive Therapy......Page 701
Suggested Readings......Page 702
Preoperative Evaluation of the Patient With Burns......Page 703
Patient Care......Page 704
Suggested Readings......Page 705
A Method of Resolving an Ethical Dilemma......Page 707
Suggested Readings......Page 708
Obtaining Informed Consent When Treating the Incompetent or Minor Patient......Page 709
Elements of Malpractice Actions......Page 710
Suggested Readings......Page 711
Overview of Adverse Outcomes and Their Causes......Page 712
Massive Hemorrhage......Page 713
227 Depth of Anesthesia......Page 714
Brain Function Monitoring......Page 715
Suggested Readings......Page 716
Quality Improvement......Page 717
Suggested Readings......Page 718
Use of Medications and Preoperative Fasting......Page 719
Management of Perioperative Pulmonary Aspiration......Page 720
Corneal Injury......Page 721
Blood Pressure Management.......Page 722
Prevention......Page 723
Suggested Readings......Page 724
Lower Extremity Positioning......Page 725
Complications Related to Hyperlordosis......Page 726
Complications of Lower Extremity Positioning......Page 727
Complications of Steep Trendelenburg Position......Page 728
Complications Related to Head Positioning......Page 729
Suggested Readings......Page 730
Genetics of Malignant Hyperthermia......Page 731
Anesthesia for Malignant Hyperthermia-Susceptible Patients......Page 732
Clinical Features......Page 733
Other Substances......Page 734
Introduction......Page 735
Safe Central Line Use, Maintenance, and Removal......Page 736
Suggested Readings......Page 737
Evaluation of Scientific Literature......Page 739
Suggested Readings......Page 740
Background and Timeline......Page 741
Anesthesia Considerations......Page 742
Improvement Activities Domains......Page 743
Who Are the Stakeholders in the Perioperative Surgical Home Model?......Page 744
What Types of Institutions Are Piloting the Perioperative Surgical Home Model?......Page 745
Conclusion......Page 746
238 Licensure, Credentialing, and Privileging......Page 747
License Renewal, Reappointment, and Continuation of Clinical Privileges......Page 748
Primary Certification Examination Process......Page 749
ABA Staged Examinations......Page 750
Suggested Readings......Page 751
Limits of Liability—How Much Is Covered?......Page 752
Suggested Readings......Page 753
Benefits/Disadvantages......Page 754
242 Medical Coding and Payment Systems......Page 755
Current Procedural Terminology Code Development and Valuation Process......Page 756
Illustration 2......Page 757
Suggested Readings......Page 758
Intervention......Page 759
Suggested Readings......Page 760
A......Page 761
B......Page 763
C......Page 764
D......Page 767
E......Page 768
F......Page 769
H......Page 770
I......Page 771
L......Page 773
M......Page 774
N......Page 775
P......Page 777
R......Page 780
S......Page 781
T......Page 782
V......Page 784
Z......Page 785
Inside Back Cover......Page 787