FASTtrack: Physical Pharmacy

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
Introduction to the FASTtrack series......Page 8
Preface......Page 9
About the author......Page 10
Crystal structure and external appearance......Page 12
Polymorphism......Page 14
Crystal hydrates......Page 16
Wetting of solid surfaces and powders......Page 17
Solid dispersions......Page 18
Multiple choice questions......Page 19
Solvents for pharmaceutical aerosols......Page 22
Factors influencing solubility......Page 25
Ionisation of drugs in solution......Page 27
pH of drug solutions......Page 30
Buffers......Page 31
Thermodynamic properties of drugs in solution......Page 32
Osmotic properties of drugs in solution– isotonic solutions......Page 33
Partitioning of drugs between immiscible solvents......Page 35
Diffusion of drugs in solution......Page 36
Multiple choice questions......Page 37
The chemical breakdown of drugs......Page 40
Kinetics of chemical decomposition in solution......Page 42
Factors influencing drug stability of liquid dosage forms......Page 45
Factors influencing drug stability of solid dosage forms......Page 50
Multiple choice questions......Page 51
Some typical surfactants......Page 54
Reduction of surface and interfacial tension......Page 56
Insoluble monolayers......Page 57
Adsorption at the solid–liquid interface......Page 59
Micellisation......Page 62
Formation of liquid crystals and vesicles......Page 65
Solubilisation......Page 69
Multiple choice questions......Page 71
Colloid stability......Page 74
Emulsions......Page 80
Suspensions......Page 86
Foams and defoamers......Page 89
Multiple choice questions......Page 90
Polymer structure......Page 92
Solution properties of polymers......Page 95
Properties of polymer gels......Page 97
Some water-soluble polymers used in pharmacy and medicine......Page 99
Water-insoluble polymers......Page 101
Application of polymers in drug delivery......Page 103
Multiple choice questions......Page 106
Biological membranes and drug transport......Page 108
The oral route and oral absorption......Page 113
Intramuscular and subcutaneous injection......Page 117
Transdermal delivery......Page 120
The eye......Page 124
The ear......Page 125
Inhalation therapy......Page 126
The nasal route......Page 128
Rectal absorption of drugs......Page 129
Intrathecal drug administration......Page 131
Multiple choice questions......Page 132
Solubility problems......Page 136
pH effects in vitro and in vivo......Page 137
Cation–anion interactions......Page 139
Ion-pair formation......Page 140
Chelation and other forms of complexation......Page 141
Drug interactions with plastics......Page 143
Protein binding of drugs......Page 144
Multiple choice questions......Page 146
Structure and solution properties of peptides and proteins......Page 148
The stability of proteins and peptides......Page 151
Protein formulation and delivery......Page 156
Therapeutic proteins and peptides......Page 157
Multiple choice questions......Page 159
Dissolution testing of solid dosage forms......Page 162
Rheological characteristics of products......Page 165
Adhesivity of dosage forms......Page 166
Particle size distribution in aerosols......Page 167
Multiple choice questions......Page 170
Answers to self-assessment......Page 172
Memory Diagrams......Page 174
Index......Page 180