Famine in European History

Cover
Half-title
Title page
Copyright information
Table of contents
List of figures
List of tables
List of contributors
1 Famines in Europe: An Overview
	1 Book Structure and Methodology
	2 The Main European Famines, c. 1250 to the Present
	3 What’s in a Famine? Some Reflections on the Nature and the Causes of Severe Food Scarcity
2 Italy
	1 Reconstructing a Chronology of Italian Famines
	2 Famines in Central and Northern Italy
	3 Famines in the Kingdom of Naples and in the Papal States (Latium)
	4 Explaining Famines: Demographic, Environmental, Agrarian and Institutional Factors
3 Spain
	1 Late Medieval Period (1300–1500)
	2 Early Modern Times (c. 1500–1800)
	3 The Great Mortality Crises of the French Wars (1793–1814)
		3.1 The Crises of the War against Revolutionary France (1793–95)
		3.2 The Great Mortality of 1804
		3.3 War, Famine and Mortality during the Spanish War of Independence (1808–14)
	4 Final Remarks and Conclusions
4 France
	1 Identifying Famines
		1.1 Chronicles and Climatic Indicators
		1.2 Mortality and Prices
		1.3 Famines versus Epidemics
	2 Accounting for Famines
		2.1 The Weather
		2.2 Speculation
		2.3 Fiscal Exactions and Depredations
	3 Analysing Famines
	4 Interpreting Famines: Malthusian Illusions
	5 Fighting Famines
		5.1 Coping and Substituting
		5.2 The Attitude of the Authorities
	6 Conclusion: an End to Famines
5 Germany, Switzerland and Austria
	1 Tracing Famines
	2 Early Famine Events (1315–1570)
	3 Famines in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
	4 An End to Famines: 1816 and the Hungry Forties
	5 Facing Famine
	6 Famines: Biophysical, Ecological and Social Environments
6 Low Countries
	1 The Great Famine, 1315–17
	2 The Northern Low Countries, Fifteenth to Nineteenth Centuries
	3 The Southern Low Countries, Fifteenth to Nineteenth Centuries
7 Britain
	1 Approaches and Sources
	2 The Statistical Identification of English Famine Years
	3 The Response to Famine
	4 The End of Famine in England
	5 The Scottish Experience
	6 Conclusion: Famine as a Pan-National Phenomenon
8 Ireland
	1 Chronology
	2 The Great Famine of 1740–41
	3 A Gap in Famines?
	4 Black ’47
	5 Markets and Famines
	6 Relief
	7 Conclusion
9 Nordic Europe
	1 Famines up to 1580
	2 Famines in the Early Modern Period
	3 Nordic Famines c. 500–1875: a Summary
	4 Famine in Sweden 1750–1875: National and Regional Patterns
	5 Conclusion
10 Eastern Europe (Russia and the USSR)
	1 The Geographical Problems of Russia in Relation to Food Production
	2 Identifying Russian Famines
		2.1 Historiography
		2.2 The Reliability of Data
	3 Food Problems in Russia under Attack from Mongols, Tartars, Poles and Swedes: 1237–1613
	4 Famines in Russia and the Baltic, and Russian Colonial Expansion...
	5 Famine and Food Problems in the First Half of the Twentieth Century
		1917–22
		1927–33
		1941–47
	6 General Conclusions
11 The European Famines of  World Wars I and II
	1 World War I
		1.1 Food Supply Problems
		1.2 Demographic Consequences Related to Food Shortages and Famine
	2 World War II
		2.1 Food Supplies
		2.2 Demographic Consequences Related to Food Shortage and Famine
	3 Famine and the Foetal Origins Hypothesis
	4 General Conclusions
Bibliography
Index