Family Violence and Nursing Practice, Second Edition

Contents......Page 8
Contributors......Page 10
Preface......Page 14
Introduction
......Page 18
Aggression......Page 19
Theoretical Frameworks Explaining Violence
......Page 20
Neurotransmitters, enzymes, and associated genes......Page 23
Sex hormones......Page 24
Role of alcohol and drugs......Page 25
Cognitive theories......Page 28
The Sociocultural Perspective......Page 29
Intrafamilial resource theory......Page 30
Social Cognitive Theory......Page 31
General aggression model......Page 32
Ecological theory......Page 33
Cultural Positioning......Page 35
Meaning of Violence Cross-Culturally......Page 37
Gender Inequality......Page 38
References
......Page 39
Family Violence as Trauma and Health Consequences......Page 46
Effects of IPV and Other Forms of Family Violence for Women......Page 47
Immune System......Page 49
Neuronal Response......Page 51
Psychoneuroimmunology......Page 52
Psychobiological Resilience......Page 53
Alterations in Neuroendocrine Activity in Women Experiencing IPV......Page 54
Altered Inflammatory/Immune Activity......Page 56
Risky Early Family Environments......Page 58
References
......Page 59
Definition of Terms......Page 68
Abuse of Female Partners and Homicide......Page 70
Homicide of the Abuser......Page 71
Historical Perspective......Page 72
The Effects of Capitalism and Protestantism......Page 73
Contemporary Forms of Violence Against Women Internationally......Page 75
Theoretical Frameworks
......Page 77
Masculinity or Male Socialization as a Synthesizing Framework......Page 78
Socialization for masculinity......Page 80
Feminist Theory and Feminist Intersectionality......Page 81
Power and Control/The Duluth Model......Page 82
Ecological Frameworks......Page 84
Typologies of Batterers and of Intimate Partner Violence......Page 86
Theories of Women's Responses to Intimate Partner Violence
......Page 88
Learned helplessness......Page 91
Contemporary theories......Page 92
Feminist intersectionality......Page 93
Survivor models
......Page 94
Processes of Experiencing, Leaving, and Recovering from Abusive Relationships
......Page 95
Summary......Page 98
References......Page 99
Epidemiology......Page 108
Theoretical Frameworks......Page 109
Ecological Model......Page 110
Stress and Coping Model......Page 111
Attachment Theory......Page 112
Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment......Page 114
Types of Maltreatment......Page 115
Psychological Maltreatment......Page 116
Child Maltreatment in the Context  of Substance Abuse......Page 117
Consequences in Childhood......Page 119
Long-Term Consequences......Page 120
Resilience to Maltreatment......Page 122
Economic Consequences of Child Maltreatment......Page 123
Mental Health of Children in Foster Care......Page 124
Children Raised by Grandparents......Page 125
References......Page 127
Introduction
......Page 132
The Complexity of Women's Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence in Context
......Page 133
Women's Experiences of Violence
......Page 134
The Process of Disengaging From an Abusive Partner......Page 135
Staying and Working to Eliminate the Violence......Page 136
Beyond the Crisis of Leaving......Page 137
Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence......Page 139
Health Problems Are Both Acute and Chronic......Page 140
Physical and Mental Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence Are Interrelated......Page 142
Social Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence......Page 143
Economic Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence......Page 145
Capacity of the Health Care System to Address Intimate Partner Violence......Page 146
Beyond the “Screening Debate”......Page 147
Creating a Context for Safe and Responsive Health Care: Providing Care When Intimate Partner Violenc......Page 149
Routine Assessment Versus Case Finding......Page 152
Strategies for Assessing Intimate Partner Violence......Page 153
Providing Follow-Up Care......Page 154
Comprehensive Nursing Approaches to Supporting Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence......Page 158
Extending Community Nursing Practice With Pregnant and Parenting Women: The DOVE Intervention......Page 159
Supporting Women After Leaving: The i-HEAL Intervention......Page 160
Nurses' Role in Political Advocacy and System Change
......Page 161
Cultural Considerations in Assessment and Intervention
......Page 162
References
......Page 164
Introduction
......Page 172
Rates of Intimate Partner Violence during Pregnancy......Page 173
Reasons for Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy......Page 174
Pregnant Women’s Responses to Intimate Partner Violence......Page 175
The Ecological Context of Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy......Page 176
Racial and Ethnic Minority Women......Page 177
Adolescent Mothers......Page 178
Physical Health Consequences for the Mother......Page 179
Mental Health Outcomes......Page 181
Smoking and Other Substance Abuse......Page 182
Health Consequences for the Child......Page 183
The Nursing Role and Intimate Partner Violence......Page 185
Identification/Screening......Page 186
Planning......Page 187
Removing the Abuser From the Home......Page 188
Tested Nursing Interventions......Page 189
References......Page 190
Prevalence......Page 198
Ecological Model......Page 200
Social Justice Models......Page 201
Experiential Model......Page 202
Health Consequences of Abuse......Page 203
Screening and Assessment
......Page 204
Barriers to Abuse Disclosure......Page 205
Screening Instruments......Page 206
In-Depth Assessment......Page 207
Communicating during the Interview......Page 208
Safer and Stronger Program......Page 209
Planning for Safety......Page 210
Staying With the Abuser......Page 211
Leaving the Abuser......Page 212
Leave the Residence......Page 213
Barriers to Accessing Services......Page 215
Cultural Considerations in Assessment and Intervention......Page 216
Physical Examination......Page 217
Evaluation......Page 218
Summary
......Page 220
References
......Page 221
Introduction
......Page 224
Current Literature on Intimate Partner Violence in the U.S. Immigrant Population
......Page 225
Barriers Experienced by Immigrant Abused Women......Page 226
"Best Practices" When Caring for Immigrant Abused Women: A Case Study and Analysis
......Page 227
Assessment of Patient in Private......Page 234
Physical Examination......Page 228
Nursing Intervention......Page 235
Overview of Intimate Partner Violence in the Context of Rural Environments
......Page 231
Theoretical Considerations When Caring for Abused Rural Women
......Page 232
Barriers Experienced by Rural Abused Woman......Page 233
Summary of Nursing Care for Abused Rural Women
......Page 237
Nurse Leadership in Collaboration to Strengthen the Comprehensive Community Response to Immigrant and Rural Abused Women
......Page 238
References
......Page 239
Introduction
......Page 242
Defining Adolescence......Page 243
Adolescent Dating Culture......Page 244
Conceptualization of Risk and Resilience Factors......Page 245
Teen Dating Violence......Page 246
Prevalence......Page 247
Health Outcomes and Teen Dating Violence......Page 249
Assessing Teen Dating Violence......Page 250
Evidence-Based Interventions to Reduce Teen Dating Violence......Page 252
Sexual Coercion and Assault......Page 253
Physical Signs and Symptoms......Page 255
Psychological Signs and Symptoms......Page 256
Safety Planning......Page 257
Summary......Page 259
Conclusion
......Page 261
References......Page 263
Introduction......Page 270
History......Page 271
Cutaneous Lesions......Page 272
Burns......Page 275
Abusive Head Trauma......Page 276
Abdominal Trauma......Page 277
Münchausen by Proxy......Page 278
Neglect......Page 279
Psychological Abuse......Page 280
Photodocumentation......Page 281
Treatment......Page 282
Legal Issues......Page 283
Prevention
......Page 284
Cultural Practices Mistaken for Child Abuse......Page 291
References
......Page 292
Introduction
......Page 296
Scope of the Problem
......Page 297
Relationship to Other Types of Abuse......Page 299
Social Learning Theory......Page 300
Posttraumatic Stress Theory......Page 301
Critical Feminist Perspectives and Intersectionality Theory......Page 303
Physical Health Effects......Page 304
Social Effects......Page 305
Academic Effects......Page 306
Behavioral Responses to Intimate Partner Violence Exposure......Page 307
Considerations of Race, Ethnicity, and Other Markers of Difference......Page 310
Case Finding and Early Identification
......Page 311
Assessment......Page 312
Indicators from History and Physical Examination......Page 313
Primary Prevention......Page 314
Community-Based Interventions......Page 316
Secondary Prevention......Page 317
Implementation......Page 325
Evaluation......Page 326
Summary
......Page 327
References......Page 328
Introduction
......Page 336
Historical Perspectives......Page 338
Psychological Theories of Children’s Responses......Page 340
Psychobiological Theories of Children’s Responses......Page 341
Theories of Causation......Page 343
Offenders......Page 344
Non-Offending Mothers......Page 346
Strategies for Case Finding......Page 347
Indicators of Child Sexual Abuse......Page 348
In-Depth Assessment......Page 349
Nursing Diagnosis......Page 350
Primary Prevention......Page 351
Secondary Prevention......Page 353
Tertiary Prevention with the Adult Sexually Abused as a Child......Page 354
Cultural Competency......Page 357
Summary......Page 358
References......Page 359
References
......Page 380
Introduction......Page 364
Prevalence and Incidence of Elder Mistreatment
......Page 365
Patterns of family violence theories......Page 367
Isolation theories......Page 368
Elder Mistreatment in Diverse Communities......Page 369
Challenges in Identifying Elder Mistreatment......Page 370
Nursing Care for Elder Mistreatment Victims
......Page 371
Assessment......Page 372
Differentiating EM from the Normal Aging Process......Page 373
Overview of the Role of the Forensic Nurse......Page 384
Child Maltreatment......Page 385
Child Neglect......Page 386
Child and Adult Sexual Assault......Page 387
Examination of the Forensic Patient
......Page 393
Elder Abuse......Page 388
Abuse of Vulnerable People with Disabilities......Page 389
Children......Page 391
Written Documentation......Page 394
Use of Hearsay Evidence......Page 395
References
......Page 396
A Relational Approach to Ethics......Page 398
Ethical Practice and Nursing......Page 400
Autonomy and informed consent......Page 401
Privacy and confidentiality......Page 402
Limitations of codes of ethics......Page 403
Tolerance for family violence......Page 404
Individualized, reactive responses......Page 406
Lack of health care provider competence and supportive conditions for competence......Page 407
“Rescue fantasy” stances when violence is recognized......Page 410
Ethical Issues and Intimate Partner Violence......Page 411
Ethical Issues and Child Maltreatment......Page 412
Become knowledgeable about violence......Page 415
Look beyond the immediate individual for whom you are providing care......Page 416
Background......Page 417
Patient history and physical examination......Page 418
Patient goals and nursing interventions......Page 419
Cultural Considerations in Assessment and Intervention......Page 420
Summary......Page 422
References
......Page 423
Introduction......Page 428
Child abuse and Maltreatment......Page 429
Definitions/Perceptions......Page 441
Prevalence......Page 442
Risk Factors......Page 443
Existing Strategies to Address Child Maltreatment......Page 436
Intimate Partner Violence......Page 437
Risk and Protective Factors for Intimate Partner Violence......Page 439
Strategies to Address Intimate Partner Violence......Page 440
Strategies to Address Elder Abuse......Page 444
Primary Prevention......Page 446
Secondary Prevention......Page 448
Tertiary Prevention......Page 450
Summary
......Page 452
References......Page 455
Appendix A: Abuse Assessment Screen......Page 464
Appendix B: Danger Assessment......Page 466
Safer and Stronger Abuse  Measure Questions......Page 468
Safer and Stronger Perpetrator  Risk Characteristics......Page 469
Index
......Page 470