Fallacies in Medicine and Health: Critical Thinking, Argumentation and Communication

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Figures
List of Exercises
1 Critical Thinking in Medicine and Health
	1.1  Introduction
	1.2  Why Think Critically about Medicine and Health?
	1.3  What Is an Informal Fallacy?
	1.4  The Logical Journey of the Informal Fallacies
	Chapter Summary
	Suggestions for Further Reading
	Questions
	Answers
	References
2 Arguing from Ignorance
	2.1  Introduction
	2.2  Attitudes to Ignorance
	2.3  Logic and Ignorance
	2.4  Arguing from Ignorance in Medicine and Health
	2.5  Ignorance as a Cognitive Heuristic
	Chapter Summary
	Suggestions for Further Reading
	Questions
	Answers
	References
3 Slippery Slope Arguments
	3.1  Introduction
	3.2  Logical Features of Slippery Slope Argument
	3.3  Evaluating Slippery Slope Arguments
	3.4  Slippery Slope Reasoning as a Cognitive Heuristic
	Chapter Summary
	Suggestions for Further Reading
	Questions
	Answers
	References
4 Fear Appeal Arguments
	4.1  Introduction
	4.2  Logical and Non-logical Uses of Fear
	4.3  Logical Features of Fear Appeal Argument
	4.4  Evaluating Fear Appeal Argument
	4.5  Fear Appeal in the Social Sciences
	4.6  Fear Appeal Argument as a Cognitive Heuristic
	Chapter Summary
	Suggestions for Further Reading
	Questions
	Answers
	References
5 Appeals to Expertise
	5.1  Introduction
	5.2  Logical and Non-logical Uses of Expertise
	5.3  Logical Structure of Expert Appeals
	5.4  Logical Pitfalls in Arguing from Expertise
	5.5  Expert Appeal in the Social Sciences
	5.6  Expertise as a Cognitive Heuristic
	Chapter Summary
	Suggestions for Further Reading
	Questions
	Answers
	References
6 Arguments from Analogy
	6.1  Introduction
	6.2  Preliminary Remarks
	6.3  Logical and Non-logical Uses of Analogy
	6.4  Logical Structure of Argument from Analogy
	6.5  Logical Pitfalls in Analogical Argument
	6.6  Experimental Studies of Analogical Reasoning
	6.7  Analogies as a Cognitive Heuristic
	Chapter Summary
	Suggestions for Further Reading
	Questions
	Answers
	References
7 Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc
	7.1  Introduction
	7.2  Post Hoc in Medicine and Health
	7.3  Logical Features of the Fallacy of False Cause
	7.4  Rationally Warranted Post Hoc Reasoning
	7.5  Fallacious Post Hoc Reasoning
	Chapter Summary
	Suggestions for Further Reading
	Questions
	Answers
	References
Glossary
Bibliography
Index