Fading Memories, Faded Lives: Mongghul (Tu) Photographs from Qinghai China.

CONTENTS

CONTENTS <3>
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS <9>

PREFACES
MUXIGU UGO (Limusishiden) <11> 
MONGGHUL PHOTOGRAPHS (Limusishiden) <13>
PUBLIC INTELLECTUALS, TECHNOLOGY, AND PHOTOGRAPHS AS ARCHIVE (Timothy Thurston) <18>
PHOTOGRAPHS, POWER, AND CULTURAL RESILIENCY IN THE ETERNAL PRESENT (Rin chen rdo rje) <22> 

PHOTOGRAPHS
1 & 2: PHOTO BOARDS IN YANSHUU'S HOME <27>
3 & 4: PHOTO BOARDS IN QILUNBOG'S HOME <30>
5: FIFTY-THREE AND DURIJIXJI <33>
6: DURIJISISHIDEN AND FRIENDS <35>
7: FOREIGN TOURISTS IN SHGEAYILI VILLAGE IN THE 1980S <36>
8: QIJIU, CHANGMINJII, AND SRANG <37>
9: SRANG AND FIFTY-THREE <39>
10: NANGBOG AND QUANJII <41>
11: QUANJII AND QIXIHUA <43>
12: NANJARIDURIJI, LAMUDINJIRI, AND LIMINKUARI <45>
13: NANJARIDURIJI, RNQAXJI, AND LAMUDINJIRI <47>
14: RNQAXJI AT HER HOME IN SHGEAYILI VILLAGE IN 1970 <48>
15: LIMINKUARI IN HIS DORMITORY IN GEERMU IN 1971 WHEN HE WAS A SOLDIER <49>
16: WARIMASIRANG AND DIIZANGXJI <50>
17: LAMUDINJIRI IN WEIYUAN TOWN IN 1958 <51>
18: LAMUDINJIRI AND RNQAXJI IN 1984 AT WUTAI MOUNTAIN <52>
19: LAMUDINJIRI AND RNQAXJI IN BEIJING IN MAY 1984 <53>
20: NANJARIDURIJI AND DANZHUU IN 1982 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <54>
21: LAMUDINJIRI ON PILGRIMAGE IN LHASA IN AUGUST 1992 <55>
22: NANJARIDURIJI, RNQAXJI, LIMINKUARI, LAMUDINJIRI, AND SEVENTY-EIGHT IN 1971 <56>
23: LIMINKUARI AND GISINEN IN WEIYUAN IN 1972 <57>
24: LIMINKUARI AND LAMUDINJIRI IN GEERMU IN 1973 <58> 
25: WUXIHUA, BAYAJII AND NANJARIDURIJI IN 1982 AT THE
BEISHAN FOREST MILL IN HUZHU <59>
26: LEI XIANGCHUN, NANJARIDURIJI, AND GISINEN IN 1982 NEAR THE BEISHAN FOREST MILL <60>
27: QISHIDENSIRANG, NANJARIDURIJI, AND GISINEN AT THE BEI-SHAN FOREST MILL <61>
28: NANGNANGBOG IN BEIJING IN 1956 <62>
29: LIMUZHUNMAA IN 1962 IN HUZHU <64>
30: LIMUZHUNMAA IN WEIYUAN TOWN IN 1963 <66>
31 & 32: LIMUZHUNMAA IN GUOLUO IN 1977 <67>
33: HGARIMUXJI, DANJANSIRANG, SAIHUA, AND NIIDOSIRANG IN 1980 IN TUGHUAN VILLAGE <69>
34: SRANGXJI IN DANMA TOWN ON THE TWELFTH DAY OF 1983 <71>
35: WARIMAKA, SISHIJINSUU, FUSHINJII, ZHUNMAAQOG, SRANGXJI, JIRAQOG, AND ZHUNMAASUU IN DANMA TOWN IN 1979 <73>
36: LIMUSISHIDEN IN WEIYUAN IN 1978 <75>
37: LIMUDANZHUU IN 1978 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <76>
38 & 39: LIMUSISHIDEN IN 1982 AND 1988 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <77>
40: LIMUSISHIDEN IN THE WINTER OF 1995 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <78>
41: LIMUSISHIDEN IN 1982 ON THE DANMA RIVERBANK BY SLIDII BRIDGE <79>
42: QIYANSUU, RNQANHUA, AND SANGJIXJI IN 1990 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <82>
43: LIMUDIINJIRI, DALA, ZANGDII, AND LIMURINQAN ON PILGRI-MAGE AT LABRANG MONASTERY <84>
44: DURIJISISHIDEN AND COLLEAGUES IN WEIYUAN TOWN IN 1979 
<85>
45 & 46: RNQAXJI WEARS A HEADDRESS IN 1980 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <86>
47: MS. DONG, RNQAXJI, AND FRIENDS IN 1980 IN WEIYUAN TOWN 
<89>
48: SHGEAYILI VILLAGE ELDERS IN 1985 <91>
49: Lü Cunjie with Chairman Mao and Lin Biao <92>
50 & 51: LÜ CUNJIE WEARS A BLACK LAMB-SKIN HAT AND A CHAIRMAN MAO BADGE, AND HOLDS A BOOK OF CHAIRMAN MAO'S QUOTATIONS <94>
52: LAICHAI IN 1957 IN LANZHOU CITY, GANSU PROVINCE <95>
53: SIXTY-TWO AND LIMUKARI IN ABOUT 1968 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <97>
54: LIMUKARI, LAICHAI, AND QIHUA IN ABOUT 1985 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <98>
55: LAICHAI IN A PHOTO STUDIO IN LANZHOU CITY IN 1956 <99>
56: LAICHAI AND WANG DEXIN IN LANZHOU CITY IN 1956 <100>
57: XI YUANMIN, SUGHUASIRANG, LAICHAI, LAMUXJA, AND SRANGJAXI IN 1984 IN LAICHAI'S VILLAGE HOME <101>
58: JUGUI AND JUNIOR MIDDLE SCHOOL CLASSMATES AT WUSHI MIDDLE SCHOOL IN 1985 <102>
59: JUGUI AND JUNIOR MIDDLE SCHOOL CLASSMATES AT WUSHI MIDDLE SCHOOL IN 1985 <104>
60: JIRAXJI, SISHIJINSUU, ZHUUJARI, AND JIUTENBOG IN 1984 DURING THE DANMA LOVE SONG MEETING <105>
61 & 62: JIUTENBOG AND HIIHUBOG BY A CANOLA FIELD WITH THEIR NEW BICYCLES NEAR THEIR VILLAGE IN THE SUMMER OF 1982 <107>
63: JIUTENBOG AND ZHUUJARI IN 1982 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <109>
64: JIUTENBOG AND JIRAXJI IN 1975 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <110>
65: GAGOG AND NIIDOG IN WEIYUAN TOWN IN 1986 <111>
66: GAGOG AND HIS FAMILY IN HIS HOME IN 2008 <112>
67: SHUUJII, CHUNHUA, AND LIUSHIHUA DURING THE DANMA LOVE SONG MEETING IN 1984 <113>
68: GUNBUXJI AND CHUNHUA IN 1980 IN PUDANG VILLAGE <114>
69: SHUUJII AND DURIJIXJI IN 1983 DURING THE DANMA LOVE SONG MEETING <116>
70: CHUNHUA, GUNBUXJI, SHUUJII, DURIJIXJI, LIUSHIHUA, AND GAJII IN 1984 DURING A LOVE SONG MEETING <117>
71: THE BROTHERS, GAGOG AND SNBOG, IN THEIR VILLAGE IN 1983 <118>
72: TAYIXJI AND HER DAUGHTER IN 1974 IN GUMANG VILLAGE <119>
73: GAGOG, ZHAO YONGKUO, AND DANJANKUARI IN PUDANG VILLAGE IN 1984 <120>
74: DANZHUU, LIMUXJI, LAMA, CHANGBOG, AND LIMUXJA IN THEIR HOME VILLAGE IN 1958 <121>
75: DANZHUU AND HIS WIFE, QIYANSUU, IN SHDANGJA VILLAGE IN 1972 <123>
 
76: MO ZILONG, DANZHUU, AND AN SHENGSHENG IN 2000 IN DANMA TOWN <124>
77: QIYANSUU, RNQANZHUMA, SEVENTY-EIGHT, DANZHUU, AND RUZANGZHUMA IN 1982 AT THE DANMA LOVE SONG MEETING <126>
78: DANZHUU, QISHIJADANZHUU, DURIJIQISHIJA, GAGOG, GISINEN, AND DANJAN IN XINING CITY IN 1977 <127>
79: JIUJA AND ZHUMANBIN IN 1984 AT THE DANMA LOVE SONG MEETING <129>
80: YANG SHENGLIAN IN FRONT OF HER HOME IN THE AUTUMN OF 1980 <130>
81: DANJANSUU AND SCHIN IN WEIYUAN TOWN IN 1960 <131>
82: SCHIN IN WEIYUAN TOWN IN 1960 <133>
83: SCHIN WITH COUNTY MONGGHUL LEADERS IN WEIYUAN TOWN IN 1961 <134>
84 & 85: SIXTY-NINE, A LOCALLY FAMOUS SINGER, IN YOMAJAA NATURAL VILLAGE IN 1980 <135>
86: GAGA, GAGA'S DAUGHTER, AND LIMUXJI IN 1977 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <137>
87: DANJANSUU, GAO YULAN, FENG LAN, AND LIMUXJI AT KUMBUM MONASTERY IN 1982 <139>
88: ZHUNMAASUU AND KANZHUXJI IN 1975 IN THE WUSHI TOWN GOVERNMENT OFFICE YARD <140>
89: ZHUNMAASUU IN 1975 IN THE WUSHI TOWN GOVERNMENT OFFICE YARD <142>
90: ZHUNMAASUU, DONG SHENGLAN, AND DING XIUMEI IN 1976 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <143>
91: ZHUNMAASUU IN 1976 IN TIANANMEN SQUARE IN BEIJING <145>
92: ZHUNMAASUU AND CLASSMATES IN 1978 IN HUANGNAN PREFEC-TURE <146>
93: ZHUNMAASUU AT THE SUMMER PALACE IN BEIJING IN 1981 <147>
94: ZHUNMAASUU IN 1981 AT TIANANMEN SQUARE IN BEIJING <148>
95: ZHUNMAASUU AND WOMEN FEDERATION MEMBERS IN 1984 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <149>
96: ZHUNMAASUU AND WOMEN FEDERATION MEMBERS IN 1987 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <151>
97: ZHAXI AND RNQAN IN 1961 IN YOMAJAA NATURAL VILLAGE <153>
 
98: ZHAXI IN XINING CITY IN 1979 DURING THE TIME HE WORKED IN A CEMENT FACTORY <155>
99: XNSIJII IN 1984 AT THE DANMA TOWN GOVERNMENT OFFICE YARD <156>
100: JINHUA WEARS A FOX-FUR HAT IN WEIYUAN TOWN IN 1978 <157>
101: KANZHUXJI AND JINHUA IN WEIYUAN TOWN IN 1977 <158>
102: NANJAXJI, JINHUA, LIRIHGA NIRUUZHAXI, AND SEVENTY-FIVE IN WEIYUAN TOWN IN 1990 <160>
103 & 104: DANJAN, MAMADII, AND LASHIZI AT THE XINING RAIL-WAY STATION IN 1985 <162>
105: LANSUU AT HOME IN NIUQI VILLAGE IN 1985 <164>
106: DANJAN, LIRIHGA NIRUUZHAXI'S FATHER AT HARVEST TIME IN 1976 IN JANGJA VILLAGE <166>
107: ZHUALIMA, GAJII, QIJANG, AND DANJAN IN 1968 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <167>
108: SUNDUU, HIS SON, SAIRANG, AND A RADIO IN 1975 IN NIUQI VILLAGE <169>
109: HIILUN, RNQAN, ZHUALIMASUU, AND CHANGMINJII LOOK AT A SELECTION OF CHAIRMAN MAO'S WRITINGS <171>
110: DANJAN ZHUALIMA IN SHANGZHAI VILLAGE IN 1992 <173>
111: SZAIRANGSUU, SJII, AND DANJAN ZHUALIMA IN SHANGZHAI VILLAGE IN 1993 <174>
112: SZAIRANGSUU, LANCUI, AND DANJAN ZHUALIMA IN SHANGZHAI VILLAGE IN 1993 <175>
113: LIMUSISHIJI, GISINEN, AND LIMUXJA IN 1994 IN TUGHUAN VILLAGE DURING A FESTIVAL <177>
114: LIMUSISHIJI AND LAYINSUU AT A FESTIVAL IN TUGHUAN VILLAGE <179>
115: JIRAHUA, RNQANNIRUU, SANGRIJINSUU, AND ZHUNMAASUU IN FULAAN NARA TUGHUAN VILLAGE IN 1982 <180>
116: LAMUXJI IN 1984 IN WEIYUAN <182>
117: ZHUALIMAXJI IN 1978 IN LUGHUARI VILLAGE <183>
118: JIBIIJII AT THE DRUM TOWER PHOTO STUDIO, WEIYUAN TOWN IN 1984 <184>
119: FIFTY AND ZOJII IN 1990 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <185>
120 & 121: FIFTY WITH HIS FINE HORSE IN THE SUMMER OF 1986 IN LUGHUARI VILLAGE <186>
122: FIFTY IN WEIYUAN TOWN IN 1957 <188>
123: CAIRANGDUNZHI IN 1985 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <189>
124: LAMUYINSUU AND HER BABY IN 1985 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <190>
125: LAMUYINSUU AND HER HUSBAND, CAIRANGDUNZHI, IN WEIYUAN TOWN IN 1985 <191>
126: WARIMASIRANG IN WEIYUAN TOWN IN 1985 <192>
127: ZHUALIMAXJI AND SIXTY-NINE IN 1975 IN WEIYUAN TOWN <193>

MONGGHUL IN THE EARLY TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

128: LAMUSISHIJI AND DANGZIN IN MAQANG TUGUN VILLAGE IN 2012 <196>
129: ZHAXI, WALIGHUAN DANZHUU, AND TWO YOUNG MEN IN MAQANG TUGUN VILLAGE IN 2012 <198>
130: GAJII, JIRAXJI, DIIXJINSUU, AND QAXJAXJI IN MAQANG TUGUN VILLAGE IN 2012 <200>
131: ZHUALIMAXJI AND JIRAHUA IN MAQANG TUGUN VILLAGE IN 2012 <202>

APPENDIX: FILMS WITH MONGGHUL AUDIO <204>
REFERENCES <205>
NON-ENGLISH TERMS <208>