Extrinsic and Intrinsic Approaches to Self-Healing Polymers and Polymer Composites

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Half Title
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Approaches to Self-Healing Polymers and Polymer Composites
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Contents
Preface
1. Basics of Self-Healing
	1.1 Background
		1.1.1 Adhesive Bonding for Healing Thermosetting Materials
		1.1.2 Fusion Bonding for Healing Thermoplastic Materials
		1.1.3 Bioinspired Self-Healing
	1.2 Intrinsic Self-Healing
		1.2.1 Self-Healing Based on Reversible Covalent Chemistry
			1.2.1.1 Healing Based on General Reversible Covalent Reactions
			1.2.1.2 Healing Based on Dynamic Reversible Covalent Reactions
		1.2.2 Self-Healing Based on Supramolecular Interactions
			1.2.2.1 Coordination Bonds
			1.2.2.2 Ionic Associations
			1.2.2.3 Hydrogen Bonds
			1.2.2.4 Other Intermolecular Forces
			1.2.2.5 Host–Guest Inclusion
	1.3 Extrinsic Self-Healing
		1.3.1 Self-Healing in Terms of Healant Loaded Pipelines
			1.3.1.1 Hollow Tubes and Fibers
			1.3.1.2 Three-Dimensional
		1.3.2 Self-Healing in Terms of Healant Loaded Microcapsules
			1.3.2.1 Methods of Microencapsulation
			1.3.2.2 Healing Chemistries
	1.4 Insights for Future Work
	References
2. Extrinsic Self-Healing via Addition Polymerization
	2.1 Design and Selection of Healing System
	2.2 Microencapsulation of Mercaptan and Epoxy by In-Situ Polymerization
		2.2.1 Microencapsulation of Mercaptan
		2.2.2 Microencapsulation of Epoxy
	2.3 Filling Polymeric Tubes with Mercaptan and Epoxy
	2.4 Characterization of Self-Healing Functionality
		2.4.1 Self-Healing Epoxy Materials with Embedded Dual Encapsulated Healant – Healing of Crack Due to Monotonic Fracture
		2.4.2 Factors Related to Performance Improvement
		2.4.3 Self-Healing Epoxy Materials with Embedded Dual Encapsulated Healant – Healing of Fatigue Crack
		2.4.4 Self-Healing Epoxy/Glass Fabric Composites with Embedded Dual Encapsulated Healant – Healing of Impact Damage
		2.4.5 Self-Healing Epoxy/Glass Fabric Composites with Self-Pressurized Healing System
	2.5 Concluding Remarks
	References
3. Extrinsic Self-Healing Via Cationic Polymerization
	3.1 Thermosetting
		3.1.1 Microencapsulation of Epoxy by Ultraviolet Irradiation-Induced Interfacial Copolymerization
		3.1.2 Encapsulation of Boron-Containing Curing Agent
			3.1.2.1 Loading Boron-Containing Curing Agent onto Porous Media
			3.1.2.2 Microencapsulation of Boron-Containing Curing Agent Via the Hollow Capsules Approach
		3.1.3 Characterization of Self-Healing Functionality
			3.1.3.1 Self-Healing Epoxy Materials with Embedded Epoxy-Loaded Microcapsules and (C2H5)2O·BF3-Loaded
			3.1.3.2 Self- Healing Epoxy Materials with Embedded Dual Encapsulated Healant
		3.1.4 Preparation of Silica Walled Microcapsules Containing SbF5·HOC2H5/HOC2H5
		3.1.5 Self-Healing Epoxy Materials with Embedded Epoxy-Loaded Microcapsules and SbF5·HOC2H5/HOC2H5-Loaded Silica Capsules
		3.1.6 Preparation of Silica Walled Microcapsules Containing TfOH
		3.1.7 Self-Healing Epoxy Materials with Embedded Epoxy-Loaded Microcapsules and TfOH-Loaded Silica Capsules
	3.2 Thermoplastics
		3.2.1 Preparation of IBH/GMA-Loaded Microcapsules
		3.2.2. Self- Healing PS Composites Filled with IBH/GMA- Loaded Microcapsules and NaBH4 Particles
	3.3 Concluding Remarks
	References
4. Extrinsic Self-Healing via Anionic Polymerization
	4.1 Preparation of Epoxy-Loaded Microcapsules and Latent Hardener
		4.1.1 Microencapsulation of Epoxy by In-Situ Condensation
		4.1.2 Preparation of Imidazole Latent Hardener
	4.2 Self Healing Epoxy Materials with Embedded Epoxy- Loaded Microcapsules and Latent Hardener
	4.3 Self-Healing Epoxy/Woven Glass Fabric Composites with Embedded Epoxy- Loaded Microcapsules and Latent Hardener – Healing of Interlaminar Failure
	4.4 Durability of Healing Ability
	4.5 Self-Healing Epoxy/Woven Glass Fabric Composites with Embedded Epoxy- Loaded Microcapsules and Latent Hardener – Healing of Impact Damage
	4.6 Concluding Remarks
	References
5. Extrinsic Self-Healing Via Miscellaneous Reactions
	5.1 Extrinsic Self-Healing Via Nucleophilic Addition and Ring-Opening Reactions
		5.1.1 Microencapsulation of GMA by In-Situ Polymerization
		5.1.2 Self- Healing Epoxy Materials with Embedded Single-Component Healant
	5.2 Extrinsic Self-Healing Via Living Polymerization
		5.2.1 Preparation of Living PMMA and Its Composites with GMA-Loaded Microcapsules
		5.2.2 Self- Healing Performance of Living PMMA Composites Filled with GMA-Loaded
		5.2.3 Preparation of GMA-Loaded Multilayered Microcapsules and their PS-Base Composites
		5.2.4 Self- Healing Performance of PS Composites Filled with GMA-Loaded Multilayered Microcapsules
	5.3 Extrinsic Self-Healing Via Free Radical Polymerization
		5.3.1 Microencapsulation of Styrene and BPO
		5.3.2 Self- Healing Performance of Epoxy Composites Filled with Dual Capsules
	5.4 Concluding Remarks
	References
6. Intrinsic Self-Healing Via the Diels–Alder Reaction
	6.1 Molecular Design and Synthesis
		6.1.1 Synthesis of DGFA
		6.1.2 Reversibility of DA Bonds and Crack Remendability of DGFA-Based Polymer
		6.1.3 Synthesis and Characterization of FGE
		6.1.4 Reversibility of DA Bonds and Crack Remendability of FGE-Based Polymer
	6.2 Blends of DGFA and FGE
		6.2.1 Reversibility of DA Bonds
		6.2.2 Crack Remendability of Cured DGFA/ FGE Blends
	6.3 Concluding Remarks
	References
7. Intrinsic Self-Healing Via Synchronous Fission/Radical Recombination of the C─ON Bond
	7.1 Thermal Reversibility of Alkoxyamine in Polymer Solids
	7.2 Self-Healing Cross-linked Polystyrene
		7.2.1 Synthesis
		7.2.2 Characterization
	7.3 Self-Healing Epoxy
		7.3.1 Synthesis
		7.3.2 Characterization
	7.4 Self-Healing Polymers Containing Alkoxyamine with Oxygen Insensitivity and Reduced Homolysis Temperature
		7.4.1 Synthesis
		7.4.2 Characterization
	7.5 Reversible Shape Memory Polyurethane Network with Intrinsic Self- Healability of Wider Crack
		7.5.1 Synthesis
		7.5.2 Characterization
	7.6 Concluding Remarks
	References
8. Intrinsic Self-Healing Via Exchange Reaction of the Disulfide Bond
	8.1 Room-Temperature Self-Healable and Remoldable Cross-Linked Polysulfide
	8.2 Sunlight Driven Self-Healing Cross-Linked Polyurethane Containing the Disulfide Bond
		8.2.1 Cross-Linked Polyurethane
			8.2.1.1 Bulk Polymer
			8.2.1.2 Composites with Silver Nanowires as Strain Sensor
		8.2.2 Commercial Silicone Elastomer
	8.3 Self-Healing and Reclaiming of Vulcanized Rubber
	8.4 Concluding Remarks
Index