External Field and Radiation Stimulated Breast Cancer Nanotheranostics

PRELIMS.pdf
	Preface
	Acknowledgements
	Editor biographies
		Dr Nanasaheb D Thorat
		Professor Joanna Bauer
	Contributors
		Outline placeholder
			Dr Sachin Otari
			Dr Rakesh Patil
			Dr Madhuri P Anuje
			Dr Abdul K Parchur
			Dr Vijaykumar Jadhav
			Dr Nitesh Kumar
			Ahmaduddin Khan
			Dr Niroj Kumar Sahu
			Dr Rohini D Kitture
			Dr Arpita Pandey Tiwari
			Dr Sonali S Rohiwal
CH001.pdf
	Chapter 1 Introduction to external field stimulation modalities
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 External field stimulation modalities
		1.3 External field stimulation modalities for cancer theranostics
			1.3.1 Magnetically stimulated cancer theranostics
			1.3.2 Light stimulated cancer theranostics
			1.3.3 Ultrasound stimulated cancer theranostics
			1.3.4 Radiation (x-ray) stimulated cancer theranostics
		1.4 Conclusion
		Acknowledgement
		References
CH002.pdf
	Chapter 2 Physically responsive nanostructures in breast cancer theranostics
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Light-responsive systems
			2.2.1 Photodynamic therapy
			2.2.2 Photothermal therapy (PTT)
		2.3 Magnetically responsive systems
			2.3.1 Magnetic resonance imaging
			2.3.2 Magnetic hyperthermia and targeted drug delivery system
		2.4 Ultrasonic responsive system
		2.5 Ionizing radiation triggered system
		2.6 Future perspective
		References
CH003.pdf
	Chapter 3 Externally/physically stimulated breast cancer nanomedicine
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 External/physical nanomedicine for breast cancers
			3.2.1 Magnetic field
			3.2.2 Ultrasound field
			3.2.3 Radiofrequency mediated hyperthermia
			3.2.4 X-ray irradiation
			3.2.5 Phototriggered theranostics
		3.3 Conclusion and future scope
		Acknowledgments
		References
CH004.pdf
	Chapter 4 Magnetically stimulated breast cancer nanomedicines
		4.1 Preface
		4.2 Introduction
		4.3 Tumor microenvironment and metastasis
		4.4 Current trends and challenges in breast cancer treatment
		4.5 Cancer nanomedicines
		4.6 Magnetic nanoparticles
		4.7 Magnetic field-induced breast tumor targeting
		4.8 Mechanism of magnetic targeting
		4.9 Magnetic hyperthermia in breast cancer
		4.10 Mechanism of hyperthermia
		4.11 Conclusion and prospective
		References
CH005.pdf
	Chapter 5 Magneto-plasmonic stimulated breast cancer nanomedicine
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Breast cancer and its causes
		5.3 Existing breast cancer therapies
			5.3.1 Surgical therapy
			5.3.2 Chemotherapy
			5.3.3 Endocrine therapy
			5.3.4 Radiotherapy
		5.4 Nanomaterial aspect of breast cancer therapy
			5.4.1 Principle of magnetic hyperthermia
			5.4.2 Principle of photothermal therapy
			5.4.3 Nanomaterials used for MHT and PTT
			5.4.4 Combination therapy
			5.4.5 Synthesis and functionalization strategy of nanomaterial for therapeutic application
		5.5 Mechanism of cellular uptake and accumulation of NPs in tumors
		5.6 Current status of clinical trials of nanomedicine based on MHT and PTT
		5.7 Toxicity of nanomaterials
		5.8 Conclusion
		Acknowledgments
		References
CH006.pdf
	Chapter 6 Radiation and ultrasound stimulated breast cancer nanomedicine
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Radiation therapy
			6.2.1 Nanoparticle mediated radiation therapy
		6.3 Ultrasound therapy
			6.3.1 Nanoparticles mediated ultrasound therapy
		6.4 Toxicity concerns
		6.5 Conclusion
		References
CH007.pdf
	Chapter 7 Radiotherapy and breast cancer nanomedicine
		7.1 Radiotherapy
			7.1.1 History of radiotherapy
			7.1.2 Mechanism of action of radiotherapy
			7.1.3 Classification of radiotherapy
			7.1.4 Radiation therapy versus radioisotope therapy
			7.1.5 Nanoparticle mediated radionuclide therapy
			7.1.6 Nanoparticles as radiosensitizers
		7.2 Cancers and their staging based treatment modality
		7.3 Cancer nanomedicine
			7.3.1 Physiochemical characteristics of NPs influencing the delivery
			7.3.2 Nanomedicine in clinical cancer care
		7.4 Breast cancer
			7.4.1 Breast anatomy and cancer
			7.4.2 Classification of breast cancer—noninvasive and invasive
			7.4.3 Conventional modalities for treating breast cancer
			7.4.4 Challenges in radiotherapy and drug delivery
		7.5 Breast cancer nanomedicine
			7.5.1 Latest trend for the development of nanomedicine based breast cancer treatment
			7.5.2 Drug delivery systems for breast cancer
			7.5.3 Updated status of nanomedicine application for breast cancer treatment
		7.6 Conclusion
		References
CH008.pdf
	Chapter 8 Ionizing radiation stimulated breast cancer nanomedicine
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 X-rays and γ-rays radiation therapy
			8.2.1 Metal based nanoparticles
			8.2.2 Other high-Z-elements-based nanoparticles
			8.2.3 Non-high-Z-elements
		8.3 Nanomaterials delivering radioisotope for internal radioisotope therapy
		8.4 Combined therapy
		8.5 Conclusions
		References
CH009.pdf
	Chapter 9 Strengths and limitations of physical stimulus in breast cancer nanomedicine
		9.1 Introduction
			9.1.1 Cancer
			9.1.2 Breast cancer
			9.1.3 Nanomedicine
			9.1.4 Nanomedicine for cancer treatment
		9.2 Nanomedicine for tumor targeting
			9.2.1 Active targeting
			9.2.2 Passive targeting
		9.3 Stimuli responsive/triggered nanomedicine for cancer theranostics
			9.3.1 Endogenous/internal stimuli responsive nanomedicine
			9.3.2 Exogenous/external stimuli responsive nanomedicine
		9.4 Strengths and limitations of physical stimulus in breast cancer nanomedicine
			9.4.1 Light triggered nanomedicine in breast cancer therapy
			9.4.2 Ultrasound triggered nanomedicine in breast cancer therapy
			9.4.3 Magnetic field triggered nanomedicine in breast cancer therapy
			9.4.4 Radiation triggered nanomedicine in breast cancer therapy
			9.4.5 Local hyperthermia triggered nanomedicine in breast cancer therapy
			9.4.6 Radiofrequency triggered nanomedicine in breast cancer therapy
		9.5 Discussion and general comment
		Acknowledgment
		References
CH010.pdf
	Chapter 10 Pharmacokinetics of nanomedicine for breast cancer
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Nanobiotechnology-based platforms for breast cancer therapy
		10.3 Types of nanoformulations (nanomedicines) for breast cancer therapy
		10.4 Physicochemical properties of nanomedicines and their effects in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
			10.4.1 Particle surface area and size of the nanomedicines
			10.4.2 Shape and aspect ratio of nanomedicines
			10.4.3 Surface charge of nanomedicines
			10.4.4 Composition and crystalline structure of nanomedicines
			10.4.5 Aggregation and concentration of nanomedicines
			10.4.6 Surface properties of nanomedicines
			10.4.7 Solvents/media in nanomedicines
		10.5 Selection criteria for nano drug delivery system
		10.6 Arsenal for drug delivery
		10.7 Importance of nanomedicines in pharmacokinetics of breast cancer therapy
		10.8 Pharmacokinetics of nanomedicines for breast cancer therapy
			10.8.1 Pharmacokinetics of liposomes
			10.8.2 Pharmacokinetics of polymeric nanoparticle system
			10.8.3 Pharmacokinetics of Doxil
			10.8.4 Pharmacokinetics of Myocet
			10.8.5 Pharmacokinetics of Genoxol-PM
			10.8.6 Pharmacokinetics of nanoxel
			10.8.7 Pharmacokinetics of Rexin-G
			10.8.8 Pharmacokinetics of Kadcyla
			10.8.9 Pharmacokinetics of Abraxane
		10.9 Novel targeting approaches for improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features for breast cancer therapy
			10.9.1 Her2 targeting approach for her2 positive breast cancer
			10.9.2 AAV2 receptor targeting approach for triple negative breast cancer
			10.9.3 Gene targeting approach for breast cancer
			10.9.4 Photothermal ablation (PTA) for breast cancer
		10.10 Advantages of nanomedicine in breast cancer therapy
		10.11 Potential pharmacokinetic benefits of nanomedicine
		10.12 Conclusion
		References
CH011.pdf
	Chapter 11 Clinical and preclinical trials of breast cancer
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Biology of breast cancer metastasis
		11.3 Nanomaterials used for breast cancer
			11.3.1 Lipid based nanocarrier
			11.3.2 Polymeric NPs
			11.3.3 Inorganic nanoparticles
		11.4 Concept of preclinical trials
			11.4.1 Strategies and preclinical animal models
			11.4.2 Challenges
		11.5 Concept of clinical trials
			11.5.1 Types
			11.5.2 Challenges
		11.6 Perspective
		Acknowledgement
		References
CH012.pdf
	Chapter 12 Biological systems: a challenge for physical stimulation of cancer nanomedicine
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Commonly used physical stimulators in cancer nanomedicine
			12.2.1 Photoresponsive
			12.2.2 Ultrasound-triggered theranostics
			12.2.3 Electro-thermally triggered theranostics
			12.2.4 Magneto-thermally triggered theranostics
			12.2.5 Additional remotely triggered treatments
			12.2.6 Radiofrequency triggered
		12.3 Challenges of current cancer nanomedicine
			12.3.1 Toxicity of nanomaterials
			12.3.2 Mass transport
			12.3.3 Complexity of nanopharmaceuticals, characterization, stability and storage
			12.3.4 Economic considerations
		12.4 Conclusions and future directions
		References