Export Finance: Risks, Structures and Documentation

Front Matter....Pages i-xii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Introduction....Pages 3-3
Money Transfer....Pages 4-8
Letters of Credit....Pages 9-36
Factoring....Pages 37-41
Forfaiting....Pages 42-65
Buyer’s Credits, Lines of Credit and Supplier’s Credits....Pages 66-78
State-supported Export Credits....Pages 79-85
Countertrade: Forms and Structures....Pages 86-95
Multilateral Aid Agencies....Pages 96-110
Project and Infrastructure Financing....Pages 111-118
Front Matter....Pages 119-119
Introduction....Pages 121-121
Commercial Risk, Corporate Risk and Credit Insurance....Pages 122-127
Political Risk and Emerging Markets....Pages 128-132
Performance Risk....Pages 133-134
Shipment Risk....Pages 135-138
Currency Risk and Hedging Techniques....Pages 139-142
Interest Rate Risk....Pages 143-144
Secured Transactions....Pages 145-147
Documentation Risk....Pages 148-150
Pricing Risk....Pages 151-153
Front Matter....Pages 119-119
Transfer Risk....Pages 154-155
Bank Risk....Pages 156-157
Summary of Risks....Pages 158-158
Front Matter....Pages 159-159
General....Pages 161-163
Commercial Invoice....Pages 164-165
Packing List....Pages 166-167
Export Cargo Shipping Instructions....Pages 168-169
Standard Shipping Note....Pages 170-171
CMR Note....Pages 172-173
Bill of Lading....Pages 174-175
Letter of Credit....Pages 176-177
Letter of Credit Presentation Form....Pages 178-179
Certificate of Insurance....Pages 181-183
Certificate of Origin....Pages 184-185
Front Matter....Pages 187-187
Introduction to Case Studies....Pages 189-189
Trading Scrap Metal — Using Letters of Credit....Pages 190-193
Pre-financing of Coffee Exports — Using Letters of Credit....Pages 194-197
Trading Spices for Bicycles — a Simple Countertrade Operation....Pages 198-200
Forfaiting — Commercial Vehicle Sales....Pages 201-204
Longer Term Forfaiting — Oil Industry Equipment to Latin America....Pages 205-210
Front Matter....Pages 187-187
General Purpose Line of Credit....Pages 211-216
Back Matter....Pages 217-238