Exploring Ibero-American Youth Cultures in the 21st Century: Creativity, Resistance and Transgression in the City

Acknowledgments
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
Chapter 1: Introduction: Ibero-American Youth in the Twenty-First Century
	1.1 Youth in Plural
	1.2 Youth Studies: North-South Articulations
	1.3 Youth(s) in the Ibero-American World
	1.4 Volume Organisation
	Bibliography
Part I: Activism, Resistance, and Citizenship
	Chapter 2: Youth Protest Culture in Lima (2011–2016)
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Changing the Protest Repertoire
		2.3 Cultural Activism and Networks of Solidarity and Rage
		2.4 New Assemblages and Politics in the Victory Against Law 30288
		Bibliography
	Chapter 3: Bandas de Barrio (Neighbourhood Gangs) and Gentrification: Racialised Youth as an Urban Frontier Against the Elitisation of Suburban Working-Class Neighbourhoods in Twenty-First-Century Madrid
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Methodology
		3.3 Puente De Vallecas in the Urban Neoliberalism Era
		3.4 Hard Hand, Soft Hand, and Everything in Between
		3.5 When Pacification Is Synonymous with Violence Against Activist and/or Racialised Youth
		3.6 Gangs, Organised Crime, Degradation: The Policy of Expulsion and Its Relationship with Gentrification. The Use and Abuse of the Concept of Neighbourhood Struggle
		3.7 Conclusions: Street Youth Groups as Urban Frontiers Against Gentrification
		Bibliography
	Chapter 4: Urban Experience, Youth, Gender and Sexuality in a LGBT Family on the Periphery of São Paulo
		4.1 The famílias LGBT
		4.2 The City, the Body and Their Social Markers of Difference
		4.3 Urban Activisms and the Uses of Space as a Generational Marker
		4.4 Urban Space, Violence Against LGBTQIA+ Persons and Racialized and Gendered State Terrorism
		Bibliography
	Chapter 5: The Street as a Youth Recognition Place for Adult-Centric Expulsion
		5.1 Introduction: Social Outbreak in Chile
		5.2 The Outbreak: Demands, Resistances, and Struggles for Recognition
		5.3 Processes of Expulsion from Adult-Centric Institutions: School and Family
		5.4 Youth Transgression and Creativity on the Streets
			5.4.1 Political Participation by Means of Performativity
			5.4.2 Ways of Organization in Youth Groups
			5.4.3 Occupation of Public Spaces
			5.4.4 Tension Gender and Adult-Centric Discriminations
		5.5 Final Thoughts
		Bibliography
	Chapter 6: Casa Kolacho: Violence, Youth, and Urban Art in the Peripheries of Medellin
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Methodology
		6.3 Medellín: Geography (of) Violence and Politics
		6.4 Youth in Medellin
		6.5 Casa Kolacho: There Are Other Languages Besides Violence
		6.6 Final Considerations
		Bibliography
			Videography
Part II: Creativity and Cultural Production
	Chapter 7: Survival Arts: Peripheral Urban Cultures in the City of Rio de Janeiro
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Survival and Artistic Creation: Theoretical Framework
		7.3 Funk
		7.4 Xarpi
		7.5 Conclusion: Survival and Hope in Today’s Brazilian Peripheries
		Bibliography
	Chapter 8: The Black Beat of Lisbon: Sociabilities, Music and Resistances
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 African Immigration and Black Territories in Lisbon
		8.3 Quinta Do Mocho: From Stigmatisation to Resistance
		8.4 The Black Beat and the Struggle for Visibility and Agency
		8.5 Final Considerations
		Bibliography
	Chapter 9: Between the Street and the Gallery: Trajectories of “Pixadores” and Graffiti Writers in Lisbon and São Paulo
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Urban Public Space: Constraints, Resources, and Opportunities
		9.3 Lisbon and São Paulo: Epicentres of Graffiti and Pixação
			9.3.1 Brief Historical Tour
			9.3.2 Graffiti and Pixação as Street Cultures
			9.3.3 Navigating Between the Street and the Gallery
		9.4 Conclusion
		Bibliography
	Chapter 10: HEM 26: Youth Representations and Cultural Production Against Stigmatization
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Research Aims and Methodological Description
		10.3 Problematizing the Conceptualization of Gangs
		10.4 Stigmatization of Young Gang Members and Cultural Productions: HEM 26 in Puebla
		10.5 The HEM 26 Gang: Styles and Cultural Productions
		10.6 HEM 26 Graffiti
		10.7 Music HEM 26
		10.8 Final Remarks
		Bibliography
	Chapter 11: ‘Not Just Holidays in the Sun’: Understanding DIY Cultures in the Global South
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 DIY Cultures, Creativity and Global Alternative Culture
		11.3 Background and Methodology
		11.4 The Out-of-Step Nature of the DIY Ethos in a Portuguese Context
		11.5 Death or Glory: DIY as an Imperative of Existence
		11.6 Final Remarks
		Bibliography
Part III: Leisure, Consumption, and Sociabilities
	Chapter 12: When the Zombies Come Marching. Performances in Public Spaces, Mimetic Pleasures, and Entrepreneurial Youth in Cordoba (Argentina)
		12.1 Presentation
		12.2 Methods
		12.3 Zombies Everywhere. Fragments of a Zombie Genealogy
		12.4 Zombie Walks in Córdoba
			12.4.1 Zombies in the Street
			12.4.2 Zombie Pleasures
			12.4.3 The End of the Zombie Walk
		12.5 Conclusions
		Bibliography
	Chapter 13: K-Popping Urban Space in Santiago de Chile. The Use of Public Spaces as a Mobile Form Placemaking, Exploring and Subverting the City
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Public Spaces for Young People
		13.3 Space, Place and Mobile Placemaking
		13.4 K-Pop Dancing as a Mobile Placemaking Practice in the City of Santiago
			13.4.1 The Multiple K-Pop Spaces
			13.4.2 Mobile Placemaking
			13.4.3 K-Pop as a Technological Space
			13.4.4 Bodies as Space
			13.4.5 K-Pop as an Affective Space
		13.5 Conclusions
		Bibliography
	Chapter 14: Adolescents in Barcelona: Exploring Places, Exploring Nightlife
		14.1 Introduction
		14.2 Adolescents, Urban Space and Nightlife
		14.3 Methods
		14.4 The Neighbourhood: Everyday Space of Trust and Social Networks
		14.5 Cinemas, Shopping Centres, Restaurants: Legitimate Places of Leisure
		14.6 The Ephemeral Geographies of the Local Festival: Creativity and Transgression in Public Space
		14.7 Discussion
		14.8 Conclusions
		Bibliography
	Chapter 15: Epilogue: Youth Street Cultures as We Knew It: A Lost World?
		15.1 Images of a Lost World? Youth Cultures, the Street and Political Activism
		15.2 Border Spaces and Youth
		15.3 Then Suddenly Covid-19 Arrived…
		Bibliography
Index