Exploring anatomy & physiology in the laboratory: core concepts

front cover......Page 1
title page......Page 2
copyright page......Page 3
Preface......Page 4
Acknowledgments......Page 6
Pronunciation Guide......Page 14
UNIT 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology......Page 26
 Pre-Lab Exercise 1-1 Key Terms......Page 28
 Pre-Lab Exercise 1-2 Body Cavities......Page 29
 Exercise 1-1 Anatomical Terms......Page 30
 Exercise 1-2 Body Cavities and Membranes......Page 37
 Exercise 1-3 Planes of Section......Page 45
 Exercise 1-4 Organs and Organ Systems......Page 47
 Unit 1 Quiz......Page 52
UNIT 2: The Chemical Level of Organization......Page 58
 Pre-Lab Exercise 2-2 The pH Scale and –logarithms......Page 59
 Exercise 2-1 pH, Acids, and Bases......Page 60
 Exercise 2-2 Buffers......Page 63
 Exercise 2-3 Enzymes and Chemical Reactions......Page 64
 Unit 2 Quiz......Page 66
UNIT 3: Introduction to the Cell and the Microscope......Page 68
 Pre-Lab Exercise 3-1 Key Terms......Page 69
 Pre-Lab Exercise 3-2 The Parts of the Cell......Page 71
 Exercise 3-1 Introduction to the Microscope......Page 72
 Exercise 3-2 Organelles and Cell Structures......Page 77
 Exercise 3-3 Diffusion......Page 83
 Exercise 3-4 Osmosis and Tonicity......Page 85
 Exercise 3-5 Mitosis and the Cell Cycle......Page 89
 Unit 3 Quiz......Page 94
UNIT 4: Histology: The Tissue Level of Organization......Page 98
 Pre-Lab Exercise 4-1 Key Terms......Page 99
 Exercise 4-1 Epithelial Tissue......Page 102
 Exercise 4-2 Connective Tissue......Page 108
 Exercise 4-3 Muscle Tissue......Page 117
 Exercise 4-4 Nervous Tissue......Page 120
 Exercise 4-5 Organology......Page 121
 Unit 4 Quiz......Page 122
UNIT 5: Integumentary System......Page 124
 Pre-Lab Exercise 5-1 Key Terms......Page 126
 Pre-Lab Exercise 5-2 Skin Anatomy......Page 127
 Exercise 5-1 Skin Anatomy and Accessory Structures......Page 128
 Exercise 5-2 Histology of Integument......Page 133
 Unit 5 Quiz......Page 136
UNIT 6: Skeletal System: Bone Tissue, Bones, and Joints......Page 138
 Pre-Lab Exercise 6-1 Key Terms......Page 140
 Pre-Lab Exercise 6-2 Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone......Page 143
 Pre-Lab Exercise 6-3 Bones of the Skull......Page 144
 Pre-Lab Exercise 6-4 Whole Skeleton......Page 146
 Exercise 6-1 Histology of Osseous Tissue......Page 148
 Exercise 6-2 Bone Markings and Bone Shapes......Page 150
 Exercise 6-3 The Skull......Page 155
 Exercise 6-4 Remainder of the Skeleton......Page 165
 Exercise 6-5 Articulations......Page 181
 Exercise 6-6 Motions of Synovialand Cartilaginous Joints......Page 184
 Unit 6 Quiz......Page 186
UNIT 7: Muscle Tissue and the Muscular System......Page 192
 Pre-Lab Exercise 7-1 Key Terms......Page 194
 Pre-Lab Exercise 7-2 Muscle Fiber Microanatomy......Page 196
 Pre-Lab Exercise 7-3 Skeletal Muscle Anatomy: Muscles That Move the Face and Head......Page 197
 Pre-Lab Exercise 7-4 Skeletal Muscle Anatomy: Muscles of the Rest of the Body, Anterior Side......Page 198
 Pre-Lab Exercise 7-5 Skeletal Muscle Anatomy: Muscles of the Rest of the Body, Posterior Side......Page 199
 Exercise 7-1 Skeletal Muscle Anatomyand Muscle Tissue......Page 200
 Exercise 7-2 Skeletal Muscles......Page 204
 Exercise 7-3 Muscle Origins and Insertions......Page 216
 Unit 7 Quiz......Page 218
UNIT 8: Nervous System......Page 222
 Pre-Lab Exercise 8-1 Key Terms......Page 223
 Pre-Lab Exercise 8-2 Neuron Structure......Page 225
 Pre-Lab Exercise 8-3 Brain Anatomy......Page 226
 Pre-Lab Exercise 8-4 Spinal Cord Anatomy......Page 227
 Pre-Lab Exercise 8-5 Cranial Nerve Functions......Page 228
 Pre-Lab Exercise 8-6 Spinal Nerve Plexuses and the Anterior Rami of the Spinal Nerves......Page 229
 Exercise 8-1 Nervous Tissue......Page 231
 Exercise 8-2 Anatomy of the Brain......Page 235
 Exercise 8-3 Spinal Cord......Page 243
 Exercise 8-4 Cranial Nerves......Page 246
 Exercise 8-5 Spinal Nerves and Reflexes......Page 250
 Unit 8 Quiz......Page 256
UNIT 9: General and Special Senses......Page 262
 Pre-Lab Exercise 9-1 Key Terms......Page 263
 Pre-Lab Exercise 9-2 Anatomy of the Eye......Page 264
 Pre-Lab Exercise 9-3 Anatomy of the Ear......Page 265
 Exercise 9-1 Anatomy of the Eye and Vision......Page 266
 Exercise 9-2 Anatomy of the Ear, Hearing, and Equilibrium......Page 274
 Exercise 9-3 Olfactory and Taste Senses......Page 279
 Exercise 9-4 The General Senses: Cutaneous Sensation......Page 281
 Unit 9 Quiz......Page 284
UNIT 10: Endocrine System......Page 288
 Pre-Lab Exercise 10-1 Key Terms......Page 290
 Pre-Lab Exercise 10-2 Endocrine System Anatomy......Page 292
 Pre-Lab Exercise 10-3 Hormones: Target Tissues and Effects......Page 293
 Exercise 10-1 Endocrine System Anatomy......Page 294
 Exercise 10-2 Time to Trace: Negative Feedback Loops......Page 299
 Exercise 10-3 Endocrine \"Mystery Cases\"......Page 300
 Unit 10 Quiz......Page 302
UNIT 11: Cardiovascular System......Page 306
 Pre-Lab Exercise 11-1 Key Terms......Page 307
 Pre-Lab Exercise 11-2 Pathway of Blood Flow through the Heart......Page 308
 Pre-Lab Exercise 11-3 Anatomy of the Heart......Page 309
 Pre-Lab Exercise 11-4 Arterial Anatomy......Page 310
 Pre-Lab Exercise 11-5 Venous Anatomy......Page 311
 Exercise 11-1 Anatomy of the Heart......Page 312
 Exercise 11-2 Major Arteries of the Body......Page 322
 Exercise 11-3 Major Veins of the Body......Page 327
 Exercise 11-4 Time to Trace!......Page 335
 Exercise 11-5 Heart and Vascular Examination......Page 339
 Exercise 11-6 Blood Pressure......Page 342
 Exercise 11-7 The Electrocardiogram......Page 345
 Unit 11 Quiz......Page 348
UNIT 12: Blood and Lymphatics......Page 354
 Pre-Lab Exercise 12-1 Key Terms......Page 355
 Pre-Lab Exercise 12-2 Formed Elements......Page 356
 Pre-Lab Exercise 12-3 Anatomy of the Lymphatic System......Page 357
 Exercise 12-1 Formed Elements (Cells) of Blood......Page 358
 Exercise 12-2 ABO and Rh Blood Groups......Page 361
 Exercise 12-3 Murder Mystery Game......Page 364
 Exercise 12-4 Blood Donation......Page 366
 Exercise 12-5 Typing and Examining Your Own Blood......Page 369
 Exercise 12-6 Lymphatic System......Page 370
 Unit 12 Quiz......Page 376
UNIT 13: Respiratory System......Page 380
 Pre-Lab Exercise 13-1 Key Terms......Page 381
 Pre-Lab Exercise 13-2 Respiratory System Anatomy......Page 383
 Pre-Lab Exercise 13-3 Defining Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities......Page 385
 Exercise 13-1 Respiratory System Anatomy......Page 386
 Exercise 13-2 Respiratory System Physiology: Pressure-Volume Relationshipsin the Lungs......Page 394
 Exercise 13-3 Measuring Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities......Page 397
 Unit 13 Quiz......Page 400
UNIT 14: Digestive System......Page 404
 Pre-Lab Exercise 14-1 Key Terms......Page 405
 Pre-Lab Exercise 14-2 Anatomy of the Digestive System......Page 406
 Exercise 14-1 Digestive System Anatomy......Page 408
 Exercise 14-2 Digestion......Page 418
 Unit 14 Quiz......Page 424
UNIT 15: Urinary System......Page 428
 Pre-Lab Exercise 15-1 Key Terms......Page 429
 Pre-Lab Exercise 15-2 Structures of the Urinary System......Page 431
 Pre-Lab Exercise 15-3 Structures of the Nephron......Page 432
 Pre-Lab Exercise 15-4 Glomerular Filtration and Tubular Reabsorption......Page 433
 Exercise 15-1 Urinary System Anatomy......Page 434
 Exercise 15-2 Renal Physiology: The Model Kidney......Page 444
 Exercise 15-3 Renal Physiology: Urinalysis......Page 447
 Exercise 15-4 Time to Trace!......Page 449
 Unit 15 Quiz......Page 452
UNIT 16: Reproductive Systemsand Development......Page 456
 Pre-Lab Exercise 16-1 Key Terms......Page 457
 Pre-Lab Exercise 16-2 Male Reproductive Anatomy......Page 459
 Pre-Lab Exercise 16-3 Female Reproductive Anatomy......Page 460
 Pre-Lab Exercise 16-4 Fetal Cardiovascular Anatomy......Page 461
 Exercise 16-1 Male Reproductive Anatomy......Page 462
 Exercise 16-2 Female Reproductive Anatomy......Page 466
 Exercise 16-3 Meiosis......Page 469
 Exercise 16-4 Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis......Page 471
 Exercise 16-5 Fertilization and Implantation......Page 475
 Exercise 16-6 Embryogenesis, Fetal Development, and Fetal Cardiovascular Anatomy......Page 477
 Unit 16 Quiz......Page 480
Photo Credits......Page 486
Index......Page 488