Experiments in General Chemistry: Featuring MeasureNet (2nd Ed.)

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
Preface......Page 6
Acknowledgments......Page 8
Common Laboratory Glassware and Equipment......Page 10
Safety Rules......Page 12
Safety Quiz......Page 14
INTRODUCTION......Page 16
PROCEDURE......Page 19
SHOW ALL WORK TO RECEIVE FULL CREDIT......Page 22
EXPERIMENT 1 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 24
EXPERIMENT 1 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 26
INTRODUCTION......Page 28
Determination of the Specific Heat of a Solid......Page 31
Part A - Determination of the Calorimeter Constant......Page 32
Part B - Determination of the Specific Heat of a Solid......Page 33
Part A – Determination of the Calorimeter Constant......Page 36
Part B – Determination of the Specific Heat of a Solid......Page 37
EXPERIMENT 2 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 40
EXPERIMENT 2 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 42
INTRODUCTION......Page 44
Part A. Dye Separation of NonpermanentMarker Inks......Page 47
Part B. Identification of TransitionMetal Ions Present in an Unknown Solution......Page 48
SHOW ALL WORK TO RECEIVE FULL CREDIT.......Page 52
SHOW ALL WORK TO RECEIVE CREDIT.......Page 54
EXPERIMENT 3 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 56
INTRODUCTION......Page 58
Heating to Constant Mass......Page 59
PROCEDURE......Page 60
SHOW ALL WORK TO RECEIVE FULL CREDIT.......Page 62
SHOW ALL WORK TO RECEIVE CREDIT.......Page 64
SHOW ALL WORK TO RECEIVE CREDIT.......Page 66
INTRODUCTION......Page 68
PROCEDURE......Page 69
LIST OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT......Page 70
INTRODUCTION......Page 72
Part A - Identification of an Unknown PowderedMetal by Reaction with HCl......Page 77
Part B - Identification of an UnknownMetal Nitrate Solution via Precipitation with NaOH......Page 79
Part A - Identi.cation of an Unknown Powdered Metal by Reaction with HCl......Page 82
Part B - Identi.cation of an Unknown Metal Nitrate Solution via Precipitation with NaOH......Page 83
EXPERIMENT 6 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 86
EXPERIMENT 6 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 88
I. Redox Reactions......Page 90
II. Metathesis Reactions......Page 93
Redox: Combination Reactions......Page 97
Metathesis: Precipitation Reactions (Nonredox)......Page 98
Metathesis - Amphoteric Hydroxides andComplex Ion Formation......Page 99
Unknown - Identifying Ions in Solution......Page 100
EXPERIMENT 7 Lab Report......Page 102
EXPERIMENT 7 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 106
EXPERIMENT 7 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 108
INTRODUCTION......Page 110
Part A - Identification of Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution......Page 112
Part B - Identification of Inorganic Compounds in Aqueous Solution......Page 114
Part A – Identification of Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution......Page 116
Part B – Identification of Inorganic Compounds in Aqueous Solution......Page 120
EXPERIMENT 8 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 122
EXPERIMENT 8 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 124
INTRODUCTION......Page 126
Sample Calculation for the Mass Composition of the Unknown Sample......Page 127
Part A - Characterization of the Unknown Compound as a Chloride, Sulfate, or Carbonate Compound......Page 128
Part B - Determination of the Percent by Mass of Cl[Sup(-)], SO[Sub(4)] [Sup(2-), or CO[Sub(3)] [sup(2-)] in the Unknown Sample......Page 129
Part B – Determination of the Percent by Mass of Cl , SO4 2 , or CO3 2  in the Unknown Sample......Page 132
EXPERIMENT 9 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 136
EXPERIMENT 9 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 138
INTRODUCTION......Page 140
PROCEDURE......Page 143
Calculations and Experimental Analysis to be Completed Outside of Lab......Page 144
EXPERIMENT 10 Lab Report......Page 146
EXPERIMENT 10 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 148
EXPERIMENT 10 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 152
INTRODUCTION......Page 154
Metal Ion Concentrations in Solution......Page 157
Serial Dilutions......Page 160
PROCEDURE......Page 161
EXPERIMENT 11 Lab Report......Page 164
EXPERIMENT 11 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 166
EXPERIMENT 11 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 168
INTRODUCTION......Page 170
Determining theAcetic Acid Concentration inVinegar......Page 173
Part A - Standardization of a Sodium Hydroxide Solution......Page 174
Part B - Determination of Acetic Acid Concentration in Vinegar......Page 175
Part A – Standardization of a Sodium Hydroxide Solution......Page 176
Part B – Determination of the Concentration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar......Page 177
EXPERIMENT 12 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 180
EXPERIMENT 12 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 184
INTRODUCTION......Page 186
PROCEDURE......Page 189
Part A - Determination of the Polar/Nonpolar Nature of Several Compounds......Page 190
Part C - Electrical Conductivity of Several Solutions......Page 191
Part A – Determination of the Polar/Nonpolar Nature of Several Compounds......Page 192
Part C – Electrical Conductivity of Several Solutions......Page 194
EXPERIMENT 13 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 196
EXPERIMENT 13 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 198
INTRODUCTION......Page 200
PROCEDURE......Page 201
LIST OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT......Page 202
INTRODUCTION......Page 204
LIST OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT......Page 206
Part A - Ideal Gas Law......Page 208
Part B - Boyle’s Law......Page 209
Part A - Determination of the 
Molar Mass of aVolatile Compound......Page 210
Part B - Pressure-Volume Measurements for an Air Sample......Page 211
EXPERIMENT 16 Lab Report......Page 216
EXPERIMENT 16 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 220
EXPERIMENT 16 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 222
INTRODUCTION......Page 224
Determination of the van’t Hoff Factor of an Unknown, Electrolyte Compound......Page 226
Part A - Determination of the Freezing Point of the Pure Solvent......Page 228
Part B - Determination of the Freezing Point of a Nonelectrolyte, Unknown Solution......Page 230
Part C - Determination of the van’t Hoff Factor for a Strong, Electrolyte Unknown......Page 231
Part B – Determination of the Freezing Point of a Nonelectrolyte, Unknown Solution......Page 232
Part C – Determination of the van’t Hoff Factor for a Strong, Electrolyte Unknown......Page 233
EXPERIMENT 17 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 236
EXPERIMENT 17 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 240
INTRODUCTION......Page 242
Part A - Soap Preparation......Page 246
Part B - Comparison of Soap and Detergent Properties-Precipitation and Emulsification......Page 248
Part C - Comparison of the Cleaning Abilities of a Soap and Two Detergents......Page 249
Part B – Comparison of Soap and Detergent Properties – Precipitation and Emulsi.cation......Page 250
Part C – Cleansing Comparison of a Soap and Two Detergents......Page 251
Part D – Comparison of the Cleaning Abilities of a Soap and Two Detergents......Page 252
EXPERIMENT 18 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 254
EXPERIMENT 18 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 256
BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 258
Determination of the Calorimeter Constant......Page 260
Sample Calculation for Determining theMolar Heat of Reaction......Page 261
Part B - Determination the Molar Heat of Dissolution of aSalt......Page 262
Part D - Determination of theMolar Heat of Reaction of a Precipitation Reaction......Page 263
Part A – Determination of the Calorimeter Constant......Page 264
Part B – Determination of the Heat of Dissolution of a Salt......Page 265
Part C – Determination of the Molar Heat of Reaction of an Acid-Base Reaction......Page 266
EXPERIMENT 19 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 270
EXPERIMENT 19 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 272
INTRODUCTION......Page 274
PROCEDURE......Page 277
Part B - Determination of the Heat of Neutralization for Several Acid-Base Reactions......Page 278
Part A – Determination of the Calorimeter Constant......Page 280
Part B – Determination of the Heat of Neutralization for Several Acid-Base Reactions......Page 281
EXPERIMENT 20 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 288
EXPERIMENT 20 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 292
INTRODUCTION......Page 294
LIST OF CHEMICALS......Page 295
LIST OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT......Page 296
INTRODUCTION......Page 298
LIST OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT......Page 300
INTRODUCTION......Page 302
Method of Initial Rates for Determination of Reaction Orders......Page 303
Integrated Rate Laws......Page 304
Using the Measure Net Colorimeter to Monitor Changes in the Concentration of a Colored Reactant......Page 305
Determination of the Rate Law for the Iodination of Acetone in Acidic Solution......Page 306
Determination of the Rate Law for the Reaction of Crystal Violet with Sodium Hydroxide......Page 307
Part A - Determination of the Rate Law for the Iodination of Acetone in Acidic Solution......Page 309
Part B - Determination of the Rate Law for the Reaction of Crystal Violet with Sodium Hydroxide......Page 312
Part A – Determination of the Rate Law for the Iodination of Acetone in Acidic Solution......Page 314
EXPERIMENT 23 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 320
EXPERIMENT 23 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 324
INTRODUCTION......Page 326
Effect of Changing pH on a Complex Ion Equilibrium......Page 328
Effect of Changing Reaction Temperature on Equilibrium......Page 329
Part B - Effect of Changing pH on a Complex Ion Equilibrium......Page 330
Part C - Effect of Changing Reaction Temperature on an Equilibrium System......Page 331
Part A – Effect of Concentration Changes on Systems at Equilibrium......Page 332
Part B – Effect of Changing pH on a Complex Ion Equilibrium......Page 333
Part C – Effect of Changing Reaction Temperature on an Equilibrium System......Page 334
EXPERIMENT 24 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 336
EXPERIMENT 24 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 338
INTRODUCTION......Page 340
Concentrations of Metals in Solution......Page 344
Use of ‘‘ICE’’ Tables for Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations of Reactants and Products......Page 346
Part A - Preparation of Five Standard Fe(SCN)[Sup(2+)] Solutions......Page 347
Part C - Equilibrium Solution Preparation and Absorption Measurements: Finding K[sub(c)]......Page 348
Part B – Absorption Measurements for the Standard Solutions and Preparation of the Beer-Lambert Curve......Page 350
Part C – Equilibrium Solution Preparation and Absorption Measurements: Finding K[Sub(c)]......Page 351
EXPERIMENT 25 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 354
EXPERIMENT 25 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 356
INTRODUCTION......Page 358
Acidity or Basicity of Salt Solutions......Page 360
Sample Calculation to Determine the Ka Value of a Weak Acid fromTitration with NaOH......Page 361
PROCEDURE......Page 362
Part A - Determination of the Ionization Constant (K[Sub(a)] or K[Sub(b)]) of an Unknown Solution......Page 363
Part B - Determination of the Ionization Constant (K[Sub(a)] or K[Sub(b)]) of an Unknown Solution from the Initial Concentration and pH or pOH of the Solution......Page 364
Part A – Determination of the Ionization Constant (Ka or Kb) of an Unknown Solution......Page 366
Part B – Determination of the Ionization Constant (K[Sub(a)] or K[Sub(b)]) of an Unknown......Page 367
EXPERIMENT 26 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 370
EXPERIMENT 26 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 372
INTRODUCTION......Page 374
pH Measurements......Page 375
Buffer Solutions......Page 376
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation......Page 377
Preparing a Buffer Solution with a Specific pH......Page 378
Part A - Set up the MeasureNetWorkstation to Record pH.......Page 379
Part D - Preparation of an Acidic Buffer Solution......Page 380
Part E - Preparation of a Basic Buffer Solution......Page 381
Part C – pH Changes of a Distilled Water Sample Before and After Addition of a Strong Acid or Base......Page 384
Part D – Preparation of an Acidic Buffer Solution......Page 385
Part E – Preparation of a Basic Buffer Solution......Page 386
EXPERIMENT 27 Pre-Laboratory Questions......Page 388
EXPERIMENT 27 Post-Laboratory Questions......Page 390
INTRODUCTION......Page 392
LIST OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT......Page 393
INTRODUCTION......Page 394
PROCEDURE......Page 395
LIST OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT......Page 396
INTRODUCTION......Page 398
LIST OF CHEMICALS......Page 399
LIST OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT......Page 400
INTRODUCTION......Page 402
LIST OF CHEMICALS......Page 403
LIST OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT......Page 404
INTRODUCTION......Page 406
LIST OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT......Page 407
A-1 Instructions for Initializing the MeasureNet Workstation to Record a Thermogram......Page 410
A-2 Instructions for Recording a Thermogram to Determine the Styrofoam Cup Calorimeter Constant......Page 412
A-3 Instructions for Recording a Thermogram to Determine the Enthalpy Change for a Neutralization Reaction......Page 416
A-4 Instructions for Recording a Thermogram to Determine the Enthalpy Change for a Physical or Chemical Process......Page 420
B-1 Instructions for Plotting Excel XY Thermograms for Calorimetry......Page 424
B-2 Excel Instructions for Performing Linear Regression Analysis......Page 426
B-3 Instructions for Plotting Multiple Excel XY Thermograms for Freezing Point Depression......Page 428
B-4 Instructions for Plotting Excel Titration Curves......Page 430
B-5 Instructions for Plotting Excel XY Emission Intensity Versus Wavelength Curves......Page 432
C-1 Format for Writing the Procedure Proposal......Page 434
C-2 Format for Writing the Formal Lab Report......Page 436
D: Instructions for Recording an Absorbance Spectrum using the MeasureNet Spectrophotometer......Page 438
E: Instructions for Recording an Emission Spectrum Using the MeasureNet Spectrophotometer......Page 440
F: Instructions for Recording a Titration Curve Using the MeasureNet pH Probe and Drop Counter......Page 444