Experience and Teleology in Ancient Historiography Futures Past From Herodotus

Contents
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 Introduction
	I. Experience and teleology
	II. From ‘narrative sentences’ to ‘futures past’
	III. Narrative and experience
		‘The New Romanticists’
		Narrative re-experience
		Re-experience in historiographic narrative
		Narrative re-experience and enargeia
	IV. Outline
		Goals
		Focus
		Synopsis
Part I Experience: making the past present
	Chapter 2 Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War
		I. Phormion’s double victory (2.83-92)
			Graphic description and tense
			Internal focalization
			Speeches
			Composition
		II. The capitulation of Mytilene (3.25-35)
			Internal focalization and composition
			Narrative and narrated time
			‘Sideshadowing’
			Indirect evaluation
		III. Teleology and authorial presence
	Chapter 3 Xenophon, Anabasis
		I. Graphic description and internal focalization
			The gaze of Cyrus
			Internal focalization through Xenophon
		II. Speeches
			Speeches of Clearchus and Tissaphernes
			Xenophon’s justificatory speeches
		III. ‘Sideshadowing’: the motif of colonization
			A colony as Persian fear and last resort of the Greeks
			Xenophon’s aspirations as oecist
		IV. Narrative closure and historical telos
			Nostos and narrative dynamic
			False endings
			Nostos dissipated
		V. The limits of mimesis
			Distribution of knowledge and prolepsis
			Narratorial interventions and ambiguity
			Source citations
		VI. Xenophon, epigone of Thucydides?
	Chapter 4 Plutarch, Alexander
		I. Enargeia in the Gaugamela narrative
			Narrative speed
			Internal focalization
			Further vivid scenes
		II. The drama of Alexander
			Theatre and self-fashioning
			Concern with fame
			Play-acting and reality
		III. Plutarch’s narratorial presence
			Digressions and references to the present
			Citations and alternative versions
		IV. Foreshadowing and teleology
			Foreshadowing
			Teleology: capture of Persia
			Alexander and other Lives
		V. Episodic structure
			Episodic structure and teleology
			Episodic structure and experience
			Vividness and teleology: the taming of Bucephalas
		VI. Enargeia and moralism
			The spatial notion of Plutarch’s narrative
			Spatial narrative and moralism
	Chapter 5 Tacitus, Annals
		I. Germanicus’ visit to the Teutoburg Forest
			Mimesis
			Mimesis reflected
		II. Ambiguity as mimetic device (i): the death of Germanicus
			An emperor’s intrigue?
			Investigating Germanicus’ death
			Tiberius and Tacitus
		III. Ambiguity as mimetic device (ii): the Pisonian Conspiracy
			‘Sideshadowing’
			Art and life
			Narratorial uncertainty
		IV. Teleology in the Annals- the Annals as telos
			Prolepses and teleology
			Historiography as telos
			History and agency
	Summary of Part I
Part II Teleology: the power of retrospect
	Chapter 6 Herodotus, Histories
		I. How (not) to do history: Darius and Xerxes
			Darius and memorials
			Xerxes as recorder of his own deeds
			Xerxes’ gaze and historian-like stance
			History East and West
		II. The teleological design of the Histories and its reading experience
			Digressions, prolepses and patterns
			Oracles
		III. The Histories’ closure: teleology corroborated and undermined
		IV. Histories and oracles: ‘signs’ of past and future
			Histories, ‘signs’ of the past - oracles, ‘signs’ of the future
			Oracle on the past
			Histories on the present and future
		V. Socles’ speech: Histories, oracles and shifting vantage points
			Oracular comment on Athens’ tyranny
			The continuous proliferation of historical meaning
			Historicizing the Histories
	Chapter 7 Polybius, Histories
		I. Teleology: history and narrative
			The telos in universal historiography
			Polybius’ teleology, Aristotle’s Poetics and German historicism
			The gap between res gestae and historia rerum gestarum
		II. Telos qualified
			The deferral of the telos
		III. A conspicuous narrator
			Digressions and anachronies
			Alternative versions and counterfactuals
			Rhetorical questions and exclamations
		IV. Reflections on mimetic historiography
			Polybius’ critique of mimesis
			Polybius’ critique reconsidered
		V. Mimetic narrative
			The battle at Zama (15.5.3-16)
			Mimesis in central passages
		VI. Polybius, Thucydides and Hellenistic historiography
	Chapter 8 Sallust, Bellum Catilinae
		I. A teleological view of Rome’s history
			Teleology and archaeology
			Teleology and Catiline
			Teleology and imagery of disease
			Teleology and chronology
		II. Alternative views of the conspiracy in ancient and modern historiography
		III. Alternative views of the conspiracy within the BC (I): Catiline’s letter
		IV. Alternative views of the conspiracy within the BC (II): Caesar’s speech
			An alternative view of Rome’s history
			An alternative assessment of Catiline
		V. Mimesis in the BC
			Sallust’s un-Thucydidean and un-Tacitean voice
			The closure of the BC
			Ambiguity
	Summary of Part II
Part III Beyond experience and teleology
	Chapter 9 Augustine, Confessions
		I. Conversion and experience
			Mimesis
			Mimesis undermined
			Life narrated and life lived
		II. Conversion and teleology
			Story and teleology
			Discourse and teleology
			Narrative frame and teleology
		III. Beyond experience and teleology
			Human time vs God’s eternity
			The Confessions as transcendence of human temporality: spatial form
		IV. From Ricoeur to Augustine
	Chapter 10 Epilogue
		I. The fall of the Roman Republic: virtues and vices of hindsight
		II. Experiential narratives in contemporary historiography
			Simon Schama, Citizens. A Chronicle of the French Revolution (1989)
			Robert A. Rosenstone, Mirror in the Shrine (1988)
			Keith Hopkins, A World Full of Gods: Pagans, Jews and Christians in the Roman Empire (1999)
			Jonathan Walker, Pistols! Treason! Murder! The Rise and Fall of a Master Spy (2007)
			Experience in ancient and modern historiography
		III. Historiographic metafiction
Bibliography
Index locorum
Index of Greek and Latin words
General index