Ex post evaluation of the implementation of the Trade Agreement between the EU and its Member States and Colombia, Peru and Ecuador. Final Report – Vol. III: Case Studies

Case study 1 – Impact of the Agreement on Tourism
	1 Introduction
	2 Situational Analysis: EU Investment and Demand for Tourism in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
		2.1 EU-Andean Tourism
		2.2 EU Investment in Partner Country Tourism Sectors
		2.3 Policies to support investment in the tourism sector
	3 Impact Assessment: How the Agreement has Influenced EU Investment in the Colombian, Ecuadorian and Peruvian Tourism Industries
		3.1 Provisions in the Agreement on Investment in the Tourism Sector
		3.2 Investment Effects of the Agreement
	4 Conclusions
Case study 2 – implementation of the Agreement’s government procurement provisions in Colombia
	1 Introduction
	2 Government procurement in Colombia – an overview
		2.1 Government procurement agencies in Colombia
		2.2 Procedures for government procurement in Colombia
		2.3 Market size and characteristics
	3 Provisions on Government procurement in the Agreement
	4 Implementation Issues related to government procurement
		4.1 Interpretation of covered procurement at the sub-central level in Colombia
		4.2 Implementation of the Agreement’s government procurement commitments by sub-central procuring entities
		4.3 Transparency issues and ease of access to procedures
	5 Outcomes: Participation of EU companies in Colombian Government procurement
	6 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
Case study 3 – Impact of the Agreement on Sustainable Farming of Bananas in the Andean Partner Countries
	1 Introduction
	2 Situational Analysis: Production of and Trade in sustainably farmed Bananas in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
		2.1 Production
		2.2 Trade
		2.3 Social, Labour and Environmental Situation and Issues
		2.4 Projects and Technical Assistance to Support Sustainable Farming
		2.5 Challenges
	3 Impact Assessment: How the Agreement has Influenced Sustainable Farming of Bananas in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
		3.1 Trade and Economic Effects
		3.2 Social, labour and environmental effects
	4 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
Case study 4 – changes in informal employment in selected sectors in Colombia, Peru and Ecuador involved in exports to the EU
	1 Introduction
	2 Current Situation and overall impacts on Informality in Partner Countries
	3 Overview of informality levels across sectors exporting to the EU
Case study 5 – Export diversification and spatial effects of the Agreement: the case of tropical fruit production in Nariño, Colombia
	1 Introduction
	2 Current Situation and Recent Trends
		2.1 Location and population
		2.2 Economic situation and developments
		2.3 Social situation and developments
		2.4 Human rights situation and developments
		2.5 Environmental situation and developments
	3 impact of the Agreement in Nariño
		3.1 Main exported products
		3.2 Export diversification
		3.3 Investments and technical support
		3.4 Social development and human rights
	References
Case study 6 – The Experience of MSMEs with the Agreement
	1 Introduction
	2 Individual MSME Experiences
		2.1 Colombia/EU
		2.2 Ecuador/EU
		2.3 Peru/EU
	3 Views on Agreement Effects on MSMEs
	4 Summary
Case study 7 – incidence of child labour and respect for children’s rights in sectors in Colombia, Peru and Ecuador involved in exports to the EU
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Children’s rights – references in international human rights law
		1.2 Children’s rights and trade
		1.3 References in the EU Trade Agreement with the Andean countries
	2 Implementation of the Agreement and Child Labour in the Partner Countries
		2.1 Child labour in Colombia
		2.2 Child labour in Peru
		2.3 Child labour in Ecuador
Case study 8 – Freedom of association in sectors in Colombia, Peru and Ecuador involved in exports to the EU
	1 Introduction
		1.1 References in international human rights law
		1.2 References in regional human rights instruments
		1.3 References in the EU Trade Agreement with the Andean countries
	2 Freedom of Association in Colombia
		2.1 Right to peaceful assembly and association in Colombia
		2.2 Freedom of association in Colombia in sectors exporting to the EU
	3 Freedom of Association in Peru
		3.1 Right to peaceful assembly and association in Peru
		3.2 Freedom of association in Peru in sectors exporting to the EU
	4 Freedom of Association in Ecuador
		4.1 Right to peaceful assembly and association in Ecuador
		4.2 Freedom of association in Ecuador in sectors exporting to the EU
Case study 9 – The Impact of the Agreement on Biodiversity – The Case of Avocado Production in Peru
	1 Introduction
	2 Current Situation and Recent Trends
		2.1 Avocado production regions in Peru
		2.2 Performance
		2.3 Governance
	3 The impact of the Agreement on biodiversity through avocado production in peru – the causal chain
	4 Analysis
		4.1 Water use in avocado production
		4.2 Agrochemicals use
		4.3 Land use change
	5 Conclusions
	References
Case study 10: Climate change – impacts of the Agreement on lulucf emissions in the andean Partner countries
	1 Introduction
	2 Baseline
	3 The impact of the Agreement on LULUCF emissions – The causal chain
	4 Quantitative analysis – building on land use change analysis
	5 Qualitative analysis
		5.1 Impact on agricultural LULUCF emissions
		5.2 Impact on LULUCF emissions in the mining sector
		5.3 Responses - mitigating measures and the role of the Agreement
	6 Conclusion
	Sources
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	Case study 1 – Review of specific services and investment issues: the impact of the Agreement on tourism
	Case study 2 – Implementation of the Agreement’s public procurement provisions in Colombia
	Case study 3 – Effect of the Agreement on sustainable farming practices and production: the case of bananas
	Case study 4 – Changes in informal employment in selected sectors in Colombia, Peru and Ecuador involved in exports to the EU
	Case study 5 – Export diversification and spatial effects of the Agreement: the case of tropical fruit production in Nariño, Colombia
	Case study 6 – The Experience of MSMEs with the Agreement
	Case Study 7 – Incidence of child labour and respect for children’s rights in sectors in Colombia, Peru and Ecuador involved in exports to the EU
	Case Study 8 – Freedom of association in sectors in Colombia, Peru and Ecuador involved in exports to the EU
	Case study 9 – The Impact of the Agreement on Biodiversity: The Case of Avocado Production in Peru
	Case study 10: Climate Change – Impacts of the Agreement on LULUCF Emissions in the Andean Countries