Evidence-based Orthopedics (Evidence-Based Medicine)

Evidence-Based Orthopedics......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 12
Foreword......Page 22
Preface......Page 24
Abbreviations......Page 25
Section I: Methodology of Evidence-Based Orthopedics......Page 29
1: Principles of Evidence-Based Orthopedics......Page 31
2: Understanding Hierarchies of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation......Page 35
3: Critical Appraisal Tools for Surgeons......Page 40
4: Understanding Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis......Page 45
5: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis......Page 53
6: Economic Analysis......Page 58
Section II: Orthopedic Medicine......Page 63
7: Osteoporosis and Metabolic Disorders......Page 65
8: Thromboprophylaxis in Orthopedic Practice......Page 84
9: Blood Transfusion......Page 100
10: Wound Infections......Page 106
11: Gouty Arthritis......Page 114
12: Perioperative Medical Management......Page 121
13: Orthobiologics......Page 128
Section III: Joint Reconstruction......Page 145
14: The Role of Computer Navigation in Total Hip Arthroplasty......Page 147
15: Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene in Total Hip Arthroplasty......Page 159
16: Hip Resurfacing vs. Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty......Page 165
17: The Role of Ceramic in Total Hip Arthroplasty......Page 181
18: Minimally Invasive Techniques in Total Hip Arthroplasty......Page 192
19: Management of Femoral Periprosthetic Fractures After Hip Replacement......Page 199
20: Evaluation of the Painful Total Hip Replacement......Page 206
21: Revision of the Femoral Components: Role of Structural Bulk Allografts and Impaction Grafting......Page 214
22: Revision of the Acetabular Components: Role of Structural Bulk Allografts and Porous Tantalum Implants......Page 233
23: Antibiotic Cement in Total Knee Arthroplasty......Page 240
24: Cemented vs. Uncemented Fixation in Total Knee Arthroplasty......Page 248
25: High-Flexion Implants vs. Conventional Design Implants......Page 256
26: The Neuropathic/Charcot Joint......Page 264
27: Cemented vs. Uncemented Stems in Revision Knee Arthroplasty: Indications, Technique, and Outcomes......Page 270
28: Management of Structural Defects in Revision Knee Arthroplasty: Femoral Side......Page 277
29: Patellar Options in Revision Knee Arthroplasty......Page 285
30: Total Shoulder Replacement vs. Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Shoulder Osteoarthritis......Page 291
31: Cemented vs. Uncemented Fixation in Shoulder Arthroplasty......Page 298
32: Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty......Page 306
33: Glenoid Fixation in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: What Type of Glenoid Component Should We Use?......Page 312
III.VI: Foot and Ankle Reconstruction/Arthroplasty......Page 322
35: Fusion vs. Arthroplasty in the Treatment of 1st MTP Arthritis......Page 335
36: Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease and the Treatment of the Cavo-Varus Foot......Page 345
Section IV: Trauma......Page 351
37: Acromioclavicular Joint......Page 353
38: Clavicle......Page 360
39: Scapula......Page 369
40: Post-Traumatic Avascular Necrosis of the Proximal Humerus......Page 379
41: Proximal Humerus Fractures......Page 388
42: Humeral Shaft Fractures......Page 394
43: Distal Humerus Fractures......Page 402
44: Fracture-Dislocations of the Elbow......Page 411
45: Radial Head Fractures......Page 425
46: Monteggia Fracture-Dislocations......Page 431
47: Olecranon Fractures......Page 437
48: Forearm Fractures, Including Galeazzi Fractures......Page 444
49: Distal Radius Fractures......Page 453
50: Perilunate Dislocations......Page 465
51: Carpal Fractures......Page 471
52: Metacarpal Fractures......Page 490
53: Hip Dislocations......Page 496
54: Femoral Head Fractures......Page 502
55: Intracapsular Fractures......Page 508
56: Intertrochanteric Fractures......Page 519
57: Subtrochanteric Fractures......Page 525
58: Femoral Shaft Fractures......Page 532
59: Distal Femur Fractures......Page 550
60: Knee Dislocations......Page 555
61: Proximal Tibia......Page 562
62: Tibial Shaft......Page 569
63: Distal Tibia/Plafond......Page 577
64: Malleolar Fractures......Page 589
65: Talus Fractures......Page 595
66: Calcaneus Fractures......Page 602
67: Midfoot/Metatarsal Fractures......Page 611
68: Pelvis......Page 621
69: Acetabulum......Page 630
70: Open Fractures......Page 645
71: Acute Compartment Syndrome......Page 655
72: Noninvasive Technologies for Fracture Repair......Page 664
73: Calcium Phosphate Cements in Fracture Repair......Page 670
74: Damage Control Orthopedics......Page 677
75: Mangled Extremity......Page 683
76: Mechanical Neck Pain......Page 691
77: Whiplash......Page 697
78: Mechanical Low Back Pain: Operative Treatment—Fusion......Page 703
79: Mechanical Low Back Pain: Nonoperative Management......Page 706
80: Neurogenic Claudication—Operative Management (Decompression and Fusion)......Page 714
81: Neurogenic Claudication: Nonoperative Management......Page 722
82: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis—Nonoperative Management......Page 730
83: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis—Operative Management......Page 738
84: Metastatic/Myeloma Disease—Operative Management......Page 749
85: Metastatic/Myeloma Disease—Nonoperative Management......Page 756
86: Treatment of the First Shoulder Dislocation......Page 765
87: Chronic Shoulder Instability......Page 772
88: Rotator Cuff Injury......Page 780
89: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome......Page 791
90: Pathology of the Long Head of the Biceps......Page 800
91: Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury......Page 809
92: Tennis Elbow......Page 815
93: Initial Management of the Sports Injured Knee......Page 824
94: Meniscal Tears (Meniscectomy, Meniscopexy, Meniscal Transplants/Scaffolds)......Page 831
95: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury......Page 840
96: Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury......Page 850
97: Operative vs. Nonoperative Treatment of Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries......Page 860
98: Posterolateral Corner Injury......Page 869
99: Cartilage Injury......Page 875
100: Runner’s Knee......Page 881
101: Ankle Ligament Injury......Page 890
102: Achilles Tendinopathy......Page 900
103: Labral Tears......Page 907
104: Hip Impingement......Page 920
105: Snapping Hip......Page 926
106: Ergogenic Aids: Creatine Supplementation as a Popular Ergogenic Aid in Young Adults......Page 933
Section VII: Wrist and Hand Surgery......Page 939
107: Acute Management of Distal Radius Fractures......Page 941
108: Prognosis: Pain and Disability After Distal Radius Fracture......Page 951
109: Reconstruction of Malunited Distal Radius Fracture......Page 958
110: Scaphoid Fractures......Page 966
111: Nonunions of the Scaphoid......Page 974
112: Trapeziometacarpal Arthritis of the Thumb......Page 982
113: Salvage Procedures for the Treatment of Wrists with Scapholunate Advanced Collapse......Page 990
114: Wrist Arthroscopy......Page 997
115: Rheumatoid Wrist Reconstruction (Arthrodesis and Arthroplasty)......Page 1007
116: Management of Finger Fractures......Page 1015
117: Prevention of Adhesion in Flexor Tendon Surgery......Page 1021
118: Therapy: Flexor Tendon Rehabilitation......Page 1026
119: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome—Conservative Management......Page 1040
120: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome—Surgical Management......Page 1049
121: Dupuytren’s Disease......Page 1057
122: Extensor Tendon Surgery......Page 1067
123: Rheumatoid Hand Reconstruction......Page 1074
124: Flexor Tendon Surgery......Page 1085
125: Replantation......Page 1100
126: Radiation in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Pre-or Postoperative......Page 1111
127: Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Does the Evidence Support the Administration of Chemotherapy?......Page 1116
128: Surgery in Bone Sarcoma: Allograftvs. Megaprosthesis......Page 1125
129: Biopsy of Soft Tissue Masses......Page 1136
130: Surgical Margins in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: What Is a Negative Margin?......Page 1140
Index......Page 1149