Evidence-Based Health Economics (Evidence-Based Medicine)

Contents......Page 3
Contributors......Page 5
Preface......Page 7
Introduction......Page 9
The importance of economics in systematic review......Page 10
Cochrane, Williams and health economics......Page 11
The limitations of evidence-based medicine and economic evaluation......Page 12
Aims......Page 14
Content......Page 15
Summary and invitation......Page 16
References......Page 17
The basics of the economic approach......Page 18
Potential approaches for the incorporation of economics into the review......Page 22
Approaches primarily concerned with assembling information from reviews for use in subsequent economic evaluation......Page 24
Challenges in economic evaluation alongside systematic review......Page 28
Conclusion......Page 30
References......Page 31
Introduction......Page 33
Specifying the question: the perspective, the outcomes and time horizon......Page 34
Defining pathways, resource use measures and costs......Page 35
Valuing outcomes......Page 36
Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of the effectiveness of early versus delayed surfactant......Page 37
Economic content of the trials in the reviews of surfactant......Page 39
Systematic review of the costs and cost-effectiveness of giving surfactant......Page 41
Discussion......Page 42
References......Page 44
Introduction......Page 46
Clinical and economic issues......Page 47
Evidence of effectiveness of treatment......Page 48
Presenting the benefits......Page 49
Cost of preoperative GnRHa......Page 51
Hospitalisation phase......Page 52
Monetary valuation of costs......Page 53
Economic evaluation......Page 54
Valuing the differences......Page 56
Conclusions on preoperative GnRHa treatment......Page 58
Discussion......Page 59
References......Page 61
Introduction......Page 63
Previous guidance......Page 64
Clinical effect sizes......Page 65
Costs and resource use......Page 66
Model......Page 67
Source of clinical effect size......Page 69
Source of clinical effect size......Page 70
Utilities......Page 71
Discussion......Page 72
References......Page 73
Introduction......Page 75
Methods......Page 76
Findings – the quality of systematic reviews......Page 78
Findings – the quality of economic evaluations assessed in the systematic reviews......Page 79
Conclusions......Page 80
Summary points......Page 81
Appendices......Page 82
References......Page 95
Background......Page 97
Identification of economic evaluations that used systematically derived evidence on effectiveness......Page 98
Identification of economic evaluations that used systematically derived evidence on effectiveness......Page 99
Identification of economic evaluations that potentially could have been based on Cochrane reviews......Page 102
Case study: the use of chemotherapy as an intervention for colorectal cancer......Page 103
Discussion......Page 104
References......Page 105
Introduction......Page 107
Background......Page 108
Guidelines, checklists and criteria lists......Page 110
Selection of items......Page 111
Preparing the questionnaire for the first Delphi round......Page 112
Reduction of the item pool......Page 114
Design of the first Delphi round......Page 115
Results of the Delphi round......Page 116
Conclusion and discussions......Page 117
Appendix 8.1: Methodological criteria list for systematic reviews9......Page 118
Appendix 8.2: Members of the Task Force Group and the Delphi panel of the   CHEC project......Page 119
Appendix 8.3: List of guidelines examined......Page 120
References......Page 121
A case study of reviews on the impact of payment methods on primary care physician behaviour......Page 122
Capitation versus FFS......Page 124
Mixed capitation versus FFS......Page 126
Target payment versus FFS......Page 127
Systematic reviews of financial interventions: limitations of the evidence base......Page 128
Internal validity......Page 129
External validity......Page 130
Is there a role for observational studies in systematic reviews of health policy interventions?......Page 131
Concluding remarks......Page 133
Summary points......Page 134
Appendix......Page 135
References......Page 139
Introduction......Page 141
Scientific paradigms, policy-informing research and “Dolly” economics......Page 142
The production of health, illness and recovery in populations......Page 144
Validity and informed decision making......Page 146
Sample selection......Page 147
Study design......Page 148
Data analysis......Page 149
Discussion......Page 151
References......Page 154
Using systematic reviews in economic evaluation......Page 156
Undertaking systematic reviews of economic evaluations......Page 158
Obtaining evidence about the effects of broader health policies and interventions......Page 159
A research agenda......Page 160
Evaluation of broader health interventions......Page 161
References......Page 162
12: Glossary of terms for health economics and systematic review......Page 163
Index......Page 171