Everyday Arguments: A Guide to Writing and Reading Effective Arguments

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Brief Contents\r......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 20
PART I: WRITING ARGUMENTS......Page 26
AN EXTENDED DEFINITION......Page 28
THE CLASSES OF ARGUMENT......Page 30
ARGUMENT THROUGH IMAGE......Page 31
THE ARGUMENT PROCESS......Page 32
READING ARGUMENTS......Page 35
CONCLUSION......Page 36
MOTIVES FOR WRITING......Page 39
THE IMPORTANCE OF AUDIENCE......Page 42
HOW CLAIMS WORK......Page 49
CLASSIFYING YOUR CLAIM......Page 56
4 An Argument's Support......Page 68
SOME VARIETIES OF SUPPORT......Page 69
SUPPORTING YOUR ARGUMENT VISUALLY......Page 73
ARRANGING YOUR ARGUMENT'S SUPPORT......Page 84
DEFINITIONS......Page 86
5 Supporting Your Arguments Honestly and Effectively......Page 93
PLAGIARISM AND WRITTEN ARGUMENTS......Page 94
FINDING REPUTABLE SUPPORT......Page 98
CITATION FORM......Page 101
FORMAL LOGIC......Page 111
THE TOULMIN MODEL: A MODERN VARIANT OF FORMAL LOGIC......Page 118
INFORMAL FALLACIES......Page 120
EATING DISORDERS IN MALES......Page 125
WHAT IS A FACT?......Page 128
FACTUAL CLAIMS YOU WILL MAKE......Page 129
SUPPORTING FACTS......Page 130
FACTUAL GENERALIZATIONS......Page 132
STATISTICS......Page 135
TWO SAMPLE FACTUAL ARGUMENTS......Page 139
"VONNEGUT SPEECH" CIRCULATES ON NET......Page 142
DETERMINING CAUSE......Page 144
DISTINGUISHING AMONG SUFFICIENT CAUSES......Page 149
CAUSAL CHAINS......Page 151
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS......Page 152
SUPPORTING CAUSAL CLAIMS......Page 153
ARGUING EFFECTS......Page 157
TWO SAMPLE CAUSAL ARGUMENTS......Page 161
I, TOO, AM A GOOD PARENT......Page 165
EVALUATIVE SUBJECTS AND TERMS......Page 169
ESTABLISHING THE DEFINITION OF THE EVALUATIVE TERM......Page 170
ARGUING THE EVALUATION......Page 174
FURTHER METHODS OF SUPPORTING EVALUATIONS......Page 176
THE VARIETIES OF EVALUATIONS......Page 177
SAMPLE FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION......Page 187
10 Arguing Recommendations......Page 195
AUDIENCE NEEDS AND VALUES......Page 196
RECOMMENDATIONS EMPHASIZING THE PRESENT......Page 199
RECOMMENDATIONS EMPHASIZING THE FUTURE......Page 201
RECOMMENDATIONS THAT CONSIDER PRESENT AND FUTURE......Page 208
TWO SAMPLE RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 210
THE SIDE EFFECTS OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION......Page 214
11 Writing and Image......Page 217
THE ROLE OF VOICE......Page 218
THE VIRTUES AND LIMITATIONS OF PLAIN WRITING......Page 220
FIGURES OF SPEECH......Page 221
CONNOTATIVE LANGUAGE AND SLANTING......Page 224
THE MUSIC OF LANGUAGE......Page 225
INTRODUCTIONS......Page 229
CONCLUSIONS......Page 233
SUMMARIES......Page 236
WRITING A FIRST DRAFT, REVISING, AND EDITING......Page 241
SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL REVISING......Page 242
AN EXAMPLE OF REVISION......Page 246
PART II: READING ARGUMENTS......Page 258
INTRODUCTION......Page 260
RETREAT FROM INTIMACY......Page 261
COLLEGE, MY WAY......Page 268
SUPER EGOS......Page 274
WHO IS A TEACHER?......Page 276
A LOST MOMENT RECAPTURED......Page 281
STUDENTS BEHAVING BADLY......Page 286
INTRODUCTION......Page 290
DAEMON SEED......Page 291
STOP ME BEFORE I SHOP AGAIN......Page 303
THOUGHTS ON FACEBOOK......Page 309
THE REAL DIGITAL DIVIDE......Page 314
INFORMATION LITERACY: THE WEB IS NOT AN ENCYCLOPEDIA......Page 317
DIGITAL DIVIDE......Page 321
INTRODUCTION......Page 324
LITTLE GIRLS IN PRETTY BOXES......Page 325
WHERE HAVE ALL THE HEROES GONE?......Page 334
THE CHOSEN ONE......Page 338
PUBLIC USE OF NATIVE AMERICAN NAMES, SYMBOLS, AND MASCOTS......Page 351
SOMETIMES, A GAME MEANS MUCH MORE THAN THE SCORE......Page 355
BIZBALL......Page 358
INTRODUCTION......Page 365
WHY I WRITE......Page 366
FASTEST GROWING OCCUPATIONS......Page 372
ON DUMPSTER DIVING......Page 376
LESSONS FROM 2 GHOSTS......Page 378
REVENGE OF THE RIGHT BRAIN......Page 382
THE STRESS MYTH......Page 386
INTRODUCTION......Page 390
THE DIET BIZ......Page 391
INTUITIVE EATING......Page 399
INCLUDE ME OUT: A REFLECTION ON "ICE TEA"......Page 406
MY STORY: BOB......Page 408
BED CONFESSIONS......Page 410
INTRODUCTION......Page 414
POPULAR CULTURE AND THE FAMILY: HOW MASS-MEDIATED CULTURE WEAKENS THE TIES THAT BIND......Page 415
LISTENING TO KHAKIS......Page 427
THE CONTENTS OF WOMEN'S PURSES: AN ACCESSORY IN CRISIS......Page 438
TRUISMS, 1978 87......Page 445
WHY WE CRAVE HORROR MOVIES......Page 447
NONSENSE WATCH......Page 449
CREDITS......Page 452
INDEX......Page 456