Even You Can Learn Statistics: A Guide for Everyone Who Has Ever Been Afraid of Statistics

Cover......Page 1
Table of Contents......Page 6
Acknowledgments......Page 9
About the Authors......Page 10
Introduction: The Even You Can Learn Statistics Owners Manual......Page 12
Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Statistics......Page 16
 1.1 The First Three Words of Statistics......Page 17
 1.2 The Fourth and Fifth Words......Page 19
 1.3 The Branches of Statistics......Page 20
 1.4 Sources of Data......Page 21
 1.5 Sampling Concepts......Page 22
 1.6 Sample Selection Methods......Page 24
 2.1 Presenting Categorical Variables......Page 34
 2.2 Presenting Numerical Variables......Page 41
 2.3 Misusing Charts......Page 47
 3.1 Measures of Central Tendency......Page 58
 3.2 Measures of Position......Page 62
 3.3 Measures of Variation......Page 66
 3.4 Shape of Distributions......Page 72
 4.1 Events......Page 86
 4.2 More Definitions......Page 87
 4.3 Some Rules of Probability......Page 89
 4.4 Assigning Probabilities......Page 92
 5.1 Probability Distributions for Discrete Variables......Page 98
 5.2 The Binomial and Poisson Probability Distributions......Page 104
 5.3 Continuous Probability Distributions and the Normal Distribution......Page 112
 5.4 The Normal Probability Plot......Page 120
 6.1 Sampling Distributions......Page 134
 6.2 Sampling Error and Confidence Intervals......Page 138
 6.3 Confidence Interval Estimate for the Mean Using the t Distribution (σ Unknown)......Page 142
 6.4 Confidence Interval Estimation for Categorical Variables......Page 146
 7.1 The Null and Alternative Hypotheses......Page 156
 7.2 Hypothesis Testing Issues......Page 158
 7.3 Decision-Making Risks......Page 160
 7.4 Performing Hypothesis Testing......Page 162
 7.5 Types of Hypothesis Tests......Page 163
 8.1 Testing for the Difference Between Two Proportions......Page 168
 8.2 Testing for the Difference Between the Means of Two Independent Groups......Page 175
 8.3 The Paired t Test......Page 181
 9.1 Chi-Square Test for Two-Way Cross-Classification Tables......Page 194
 9.2 One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): Testing for the Differences Among the Means of More Than Two Groups......Page 201
Chapter 10 Simple Linear Regression......Page 222
 10.1 Basics of Regression Analysis......Page 223
 10.2 Determining the Simple Linear Regression Equation......Page 224
 10.3 Measures of Variation......Page 232
 10.4 Regression Assumptions......Page 237
 10.5 Residual Analysis......Page 238
 10.6 Inferences About the Slope......Page 240
 10.7 Common Mistakes Using Regression Analysis......Page 243
 11.1 The Multiple Regression Model......Page 260
 11.2 Coefficient of Multiple Determination......Page 263
 11.3 The Overall F test......Page 264
 11.4 Residual Analysis for the Multiple Regression Model......Page 265
 11.5 Inferences Concerning the Population Regression Coefficients......Page 266
 12.1 Total Quality Management......Page 280
 12.2 Six Sigma......Page 282
 12.3 Control Charts......Page 283
 12.4 The p Chart......Page 286
 12.5 The Parable of the Red Bead Experiment: Understanding Process Variability......Page 291
 12.6 Variables Control Charts for the Mean and Range......Page 293
 A.C1 Calculator Operation Conventions......Page 310
 A.C2 Calculator Technical Configuration......Page 312
 A.C4 Using TI Connect......Page 313
 A.S2 Spreadsheet Technical Configurations......Page 314
 Assessment Quiz......Page 316
 Symbols......Page 319
 Answers to Quiz......Page 325
Appendix C: Statistical Tables......Page 326
 CT: Chart Tips......Page 354
 FT: Function Tips......Page 356
 ATT: Analysis ToolPak Tips (Microsoft Excel only)......Page 358
 E.2 Using the FREQUENCY Function to Create Frequency Distributions......Page 362
 E.3 Calculating Quartiles......Page 365
 E.4 Using the LINEST Function to Calculate Regression Results......Page 366
 F.1 Downloadable Data Files......Page 368
 F.2 Downloadable Spreadsheet Solution Files......Page 372
 C......Page 374
 E......Page 375
 N......Page 376
 P......Page 377
 S......Page 378
 T......Page 379
 Z......Page 380
 C......Page 382
 I......Page 383
 S......Page 384
 Z......Page 385