Ethics in Science: Ethical Misconduct in Scientific Research

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Introduction to the First Edition
Introduction to the Second Edition
About the Author
PART A: Overview of Ethics Violations
	Chapter 1 Research Misconduct: What Is It, Why Does It Happen, and How Do We Identify When It Happens?
		What Constitutes Scientific Misconduct?
		Crimes against Science
			Falsifying and Fabricating of Data You’ve Collected
				What Is It?
				Why Does It Happen?
				How Is It Caught?
			Deliberate Omission of Known Data that Doesn’t Agree with Your Hypotheses
				What Is It?
				Why Does It Happen?
				How Is It Caught?
			Misrepresenting Others’ Previous Works
				What Is It?
				Why Does It Happen?
				How Is It Caught?
			Intentional Negligence in Acknowledgment of the Previous Works
				What Is It?
				Why Does It Happen?
				How Is It Caught?
		Crimes against Other Researchers
			Passing Off Another Researcher’s Data as One’s Own
				What Is It?
				Why Does It Happen?
				How Is It Caught?
			Publication of Results without Consent of All the Authors
				What Is It?
				Why Does It Happen?
				How Is It Caught?
			Failure to Acknowledge All the Researchers Who Performed the Work
				What Is It?
				Why Does It Happen?
				How Is It Caught?
				Authorship and Intellectual Property
			Repeated Publication of Too Similar Results
				What Is It?
				Why Does It Happen?
				How Is It Caught?
			Breach of Confidentiality
				What Is It?
				Why Does It Happen?
				How Is It Caught?
		Other Types of Violations
			Conflict of Interest Issues
				What Is It?
				Why Does It Happen?
				How Is It Caught?
			Violations During Peer Review
			Citations and Professional Societies
				Citations in Manuscripts
				Professional Societies
			Living Research Subjects
		Bad Ethics vs. Bad Science
		New Results That Prove Old Results Wrong
			The Whistleblower’s Dilemma
			Wrapping Up
	Chapter 2 What Are the Penalties for Committing Research Misconduct?
		Human or Animal Subjects
		Wrapping Up
	Chapter 3 Peer Review: What Is It and What Is Its Role in Scientific Misconduct?
		Web 2.0 and Peer Review
		Revisiting Vlad and Frank
		Can Peer Reviewers Be Unethical?
		Wrapping Up
	Chapter 4 What Constitutes Responsible Conduct from the Point of View of Human/Animal Subjects in Research?
		Personnel
		Environmental Enrichment
		Housing
		Biosecurity
		Biocontainment
		Wrapping Up
	Chapter 5 The Ethics of the Pharmaceutical Industry
		The Approval of a Drug
		Categories of Drugs
			Orphan Drugs and Rare Disease
			Neglected Tropical Disease
			Fast Track
			Breakthrough Therapy
			Priority Review
			Accelerated Approval
		Direct-to-Consumer Advertising
		Wrapping Up
	Chapter 6 Science and the Public
		Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Autism
		Climategate
		HIV Vaccine
		Animal Rights Groups
		Bernard Kettlewell
		The Electromagnetic Field and High-Tension Power Lines
		Fracking and Pollution
		Other Considerations
		The Use of Celebrities to Engineer Consent or Sell Products
		Science and the Environment
		Wrapping Up
	Chapter 7 The Role of Government in Science and Scientific Misconduct
		Wrapping Up
	Chapter 8 Is There Research That Shouldn’t Be Done Because It Is too Dangerous?
		Wrapping Up
	Chapter 9 (How) Can We Prevent Scientific Misconduct?
		Intentional Negligence in Acknowledgment of Previous Work Done
		Deliberate Fabrication of Data
		Deliberate Omission of Known Data That Doesn’t Agree with Hypotheses
		Passing Another Researcher’s Data as One’s Own
		Publication of Results Without Consent of All the Researchers
		Failure to Acknowledge All the Researchers Who Performed the Work
		Conflict of Interest Issues
		Repeated Publication of Too Similar Results
		Breach of Confidentiality
		Misrepresenting Others Work
			Education Is Key
		Wrapping Up
PART B: Case Studies
	Chapter 10 Case Studies
		Darwin and Wallace
		Rangaswamy Srinivasan–Visx Patent Dispute
		Schwartz and Mirkin
		Corey and Woodward
		Córdova
		Woodward and Quinine
		DNA
		David Baltimore and Theresza Imanishi-Kari
		John Fenn-Yale Patent Dispute
		Vioxx
		Autism and the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine
		Italian Earthquake Scientists
		The Red River Floods
		Animals Lost During Storms or Other Acts of Nature
		Transfer of a Patent to an Indian Tribe to Avoid its Invalidation
Index