Estuarine Water Quality Management: Monitoring, Modelling and Research

Title Page......Page 3
Preface......Page 7
Acknowledgments......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
CHAPTER I REVIEW ON ESTUARINE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT......Page 16
2. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION......Page 17
3. MANAGING WATER QUALITY IN ESTUARIES......Page 18
4. MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY......Page 19
5. MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR ESTUARIES......Page 20
6. CURRENT ESTUARY MANAGEMENT ACITIVITIES......Page 21
7. CONCLUSIONS......Page 22
REFERENCES......Page 23
CHAPTER II ESTUARINE MODELLING......Page 25
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 27
2. PROGRESS IN ESTUARINE WATER QUALITY MODELLING......Page 30
3. COMPENDIOUS DISCUSSION ON MAIN POINTS OF ESTUARINE WATER QUALITY MODELLING......Page 33
REFERENCES......Page 36
INTRODUCTION......Page 39
BASIC QUESTIONS IN MODELLING......Page 40
SELECTED APPLICATIONS......Page 43
REFERENCES......Page 48
DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL SYSTEM......Page 49
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 50
REFERENCES......Page 54
MODEL FORMULATION......Page 55
WIND-INDUCED MIXING......Page 57
REFERENCES......Page 62
Introduction......Page 63
The Patuxent Estuary Water Quality Model......Page 64
Model Applications......Page 66
References......Page 68
2. THE NUMERICAL MODEL TISAT-S......Page 69
4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 70
REFERENCES......Page 72
MATERIALS & METHODS......Page 73
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 75
REFERENCES......Page 79
INTRODUCTION......Page 80
BASIC MODEL AND RESULTS......Page 81
CONCLUSIONS......Page 84
REFERENCES......Page 85
LIMITATIONS OF THEORETICAL FORMS FOR Nz......Page 86
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL STRESSES......Page 87
REFERENCES......Page 89
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 90
2. THE BILEX CONCEPT......Page 92
4. VALIDATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER AND POLLUTANT TRANSPORT MODELS......Page 95
5. TRACE METAL DISCHARGE DURING BILEX CAMPAIGNS......Page 97
REFERENCES......Page 98
THE CONTROL OF DISCHARGES TO COASTAL WATERS BY THE EQO/EQS APPROACH......Page 100
THE MIXING ZONE......Page 101
APPLICATION OF THE EQO/EQS APPROACH TO THE CONTROL OF DISCHARGES TO TIDAL WATERS.......Page 102
MONITORING......Page 103
THE FUTURE - TOXICITY BASED CONSENTS......Page 104
REFERENCES......Page 105
THE SCHELDT ESTUARY......Page 106
MODELLING APPROACH......Page 107
RESULTS......Page 109
REFERENCES......Page 114
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT......Page 116
MATHEMATICAL MODEL......Page 117
POSSIBLE RESTORATION STEPS......Page 119
IMPLEMENTATION......Page 120
REFERENCES......Page 121
STUDY AREA......Page 122
PREVENTIVE MEASURES AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PLANS......Page 123
REMEDIAL MEASURES......Page 125
2. SIGNIFICANT ECOLOGICAL ESTUARINE PROCESSES......Page 126
3. THE MANAGERIAL OPTIONS......Page 129
REFERENCES......Page 131
2. RECOGNIZING THE PROBLEMS AND FINDING THE SOLUTIONS......Page 132
3. THE RESULTS......Page 133
4. OUTLOOK......Page 135
INTRODUCTION......Page 136
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 137
REFERENCES......Page 143
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 144
2. TIDE-INDUCED RESIDUAL SEDIMENT TRANSPORT: A TRANSPORT MODEL......Page 145
3. TIDAL ASYMMETRY IN THE EASTERN SCHELDT......Page 146
6. SEDIMENTATION-EROSION BALANCE: A COMPARISON......Page 147
7. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 148
REFERENCES......Page 149
INTRODUCTION......Page 150
FLUX CALCULATIONS......Page 151
REFERENCES......Page 155
THE EXPERIMENTS IN 1986, 1987, 1988......Page 156
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 157
REFERENCES......Page 161
1.2 Database......Page 162
2. Mineralogieal Composition of the Suspended Matter......Page 163
3. Heavy Metal Content of the Suspended Matter......Page 165
4. Conclusions......Page 166
REFERENCES......Page 167
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 168
2. MEASUREMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS......Page 169
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 170
2. Settling velocity......Page 174
3. Erosion......Page 176
4. Bioturbation......Page 177
5. Modelling of suspended matter transport......Page 178
R e f e r e n c e s......Page 180
DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING......Page 181
DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS......Page 182
REFERENCES......Page 187
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 188
2. DEVELOPMENTS IN FLUORESCENT DYE TRACER TECHNIQUES......Page 189
3. SOME APPLICATIONS IN THE NETHERLANDS......Page 191
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 193
REFERENCES......Page 194
2. MEASUREMENT STRATEGY......Page 196
3. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES......Page 197
5. CONDENSED RESULTS......Page 200
REFERENCES......Page 203
INTRODUCTION......Page 204
DETECTION OF THE TRACER......Page 205
DEVELOPMENTS IN TRACER DETECTION......Page 206
APPLICATION OF THE TRACER TECHNIQUE......Page 208
REFERENCES......Page 209
INTRODUCTION......Page 210
CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT AND FATE......Page 214
REFERENCES......Page 215
THE HYDROGRAPHIC MEASURING SYSTEM HYDRA
......Page 216
REFERENCES......Page 221
CURRENT MEASUREMENT IN ESTUARIESBY ELECTRO-MAGNETIC METHODS AND DECCA-DRIFTERS......Page 222
ACOUSTIC DETECTION OF SUSPENDED MATTER IN COASTAL WATERS......Page 226
2. EXPERIMENTAL......Page 230
3. RESULTS......Page 231
REFERENCES......Page 233
INTRODUCTION......Page 234
THE EXTENDED ACCOUSTIC CURRENT-PROFILING SYSTEM......Page 235
APPLICATION TO THE ROTTERDAM HARBOURS ENTRANCE REGION......Page 237
REFERENCES......Page 239
CHEMICAL TRACERS......Page 240
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL AND TOXIC PROPERTIES......Page 241
APPLICATION PERSPECTIVES......Page 242
REFERENCES......Page 243
MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE......Page 244
REFERENCES......Page 247
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 248
2. EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL, APPARATUS, AND PROCEDURE......Page 249
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 250
4. MODELLING OF DENSITY CURRENT......Page 252
5. COMPARISON WITH FIELD DATA......Page 254
REFERENCES......Page 255
Methods......Page 256
Results......Page 258
Discussion......Page 260
References......Page 261
PHOSPHATE SORPTION EQUILIBRIUM AT SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACES -CONSEQUENCES FOR THE REHABILITATION OF WATERS......Page 262
2. EXPERIMENTAL......Page 268
3. ELECTRON DONOR: GLUCOSE......Page 269
5. ISOLATION AND EXAMINATION OF A STRAIN OF MARINE DENITRIFYING BACTERIA......Page 270
7. DISCUSSION......Page 272
REFERENCES......Page 273
THE ANNULAR SEA-BED FLUME......Page 274
GOVERNING EQUATIONS......Page 275
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 276
REFERENCES......Page 278
TURBULENCE ENERGY AND DEPOSITION CRITERIA......Page 279
SEDIMENT INTERACTION WITH THE RIVER BED......Page 280
CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT MODEL......Page 283
REFERENCES......Page 284
1. LOWER WESER HYDROGRAPHY......Page 285
Discharge of effluent monitoring......Page 287
Monitoring of water quality in the river......Page 288
Special field investigations......Page 290
3. LOWER WESER MODELLING......Page 291
REFERENCES......Page 293
SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND METHODS......Page 295
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 296
CONCLUSION......Page 299
REFERENCES......Page 300
1. LEGAL ASPECTS, DATA ON THE KKU AND THE LOWER WESER RIVER......Page 301
2. WATER FLOWS IN THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT......Page 302
3. CONTROL SYSTEMS IN THE KKU FOR OPERATIONAL LIQUID WASTE AND COOLING WATER......Page 304
REFERENCES......Page 307
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 308
2. RECENT LONG-TERM TRENDS IN EUTROPHICATION IN THE RHINE......Page 310
3. CORRELATION BETWEEN ANNUAL RIVER DISCHARGE AND ALGAL BIOMASS NEAR THE DUTCHCOAST......Page 312
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 316
REFERENCES......Page 317
INTRODUCTION......Page 318
RESULTS......Page 319
DISCUSSION......Page 322
REFERENCES......Page 323
INTRODUCTION......Page 324
METHODS......Page 325
RESULTS and DISCUSSION......Page 326
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 329
LITERATURE......Page 330
MATERIAL AND METHODS......Page 332
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 333
REFERENCES......Page 336
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 338
3 NUTRIENT AND OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS......Page 339
1 LONG-TERM TRENDS......Page 340
5 REFERENCES......Page 341
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 342
2. THE MODEL......Page 343
3. DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN THE CHAO PHRAYA ESTUARY......Page 344
4. CONTROL OF NITRATE INPUT......Page 346
REFERENCES......Page 347
2. THE ESTUARINE ENVIRONME......Page 348
REFERENCES......Page 355
INTRODUCTION......Page 357
ANALYSIS OF THE EVENT......Page 359
2. MODEL CONSTRUCTION......Page 363
3. SIMULATIONS......Page 366
4. DISCUSSION......Page 368
REFERENCES......Page 370
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 371
3. RESULTS......Page 372
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......Page 376
3. Results and Discussion......Page 378
REFERENCES......Page 381
INTRODUCTION......Page 382
THE MODEL......Page 383
CONCLUSIONS......Page 384
REFERENCES......Page 387
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 388
REFERENCES......Page 391
MICROPHYTOBENTHOS IN THE ELBE ESTUARY: BIOMASS, SPECIES COMPOSITION AND PRIMARY PRODUCTION MEASUREMENTS WITH OXYGEN MICROELECTRODES......Page 392
References......Page 395
Introduction......Page 396
Introduction......Page 397
Laboratory study to simulate estuarine processes......Page 398
a model approach of sorption/desorption processes......Page 400
REFERENCES......Page 403
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 404
2. THE SCHELDT ESTUARY......Page 405
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 406
REFERENCES......Page 410
Sampling Scheme and Methods......Page 412
Freshwater content and SPM-concentrations......Page 413
Hexachlorobenzene and Polychlorinated biphenyl PCB-138......Page 414
Particulate organic carbon and seston bound pollutants......Page 418
References......Page 419
EXPERIMENTAL......Page 420
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 423
REFERENCES......Page 426
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 428
2. APPARATUS AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES......Page 429
3. APPLICATIONS......Page 430
REFERENCES......Page 432
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 433
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 434
REFERENCES......Page 438
SOURCES AND CONCENTRATIONS OF CHL0R0PHEN0LIC COMPOUNDS......Page 439
BIOACCUMULATION OF CHLOROPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS......Page 441
MODELLING THE FATE OF CHLOROPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS......Page 442
REFERENCES......Page 443
SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS......Page 445
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 446
REFERENCES......Page 449
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 451
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 453
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......Page 454
REFERENCES......Page 455
Coastal and Estuarine Studies......Page 456