Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Imaging 5th edition

Contents......Page 4
Preface......Page 6
RADIOACTIVE DECAY
......Page 10
RADIONUCLIDE GENERATOR SYSTEMS
......Page 11
RADIONUCLIDES FOR IMAGING
......Page 12
Technetium-99m
......Page 13
Iodine-123 and -131
......Page 14
Thallium-201
......Page 15
Monoclonal Antibodies
......Page 16
Collimator
......Page 21
Photomultiplier Tubes
......Page 25
A	B
......Page 26
Resolution
......Page 27
B
......Page 28
Image Display and Processing
......Page 30
o -F3-
......Page 31
Instrumentation
......Page 32
Data Acquisition
......Page 33
SODIUM IODIDE WELL COUNTER
......Page 38
DOSE CALIBRATOR
......Page 39
SUGGESTED READINGS
......Page 40
Dose Calibrator
......Page 41
Gamma Cameras
......Page 42
Field Uniformity Assessment
......Page 43
D
......Page 46
Center of Rotation Determination and Correction
......Page 48
RADIOPHARMACY QUALITY CONTROL
......Page 49
Radiochemical Labeling
......Page 50
Areas of Increased Activity
......Page 55
SUGGESTED READINGS
......Page 57
Image Interpretation
......Page 64
Clinical Applications
......Page 65
B
......Page 71
Radiopharmaceuticals and Technique
......Page 72
Ant 24hours
......Page 73
Shunt Patency
......Page 75
SUGGESTED READINGS
......Page 79
Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Salivary Glands
......Page 81
Dosimetry
......Page 82
Iodine Uptake Test
......Page 83
Clinical Considerations
......Page 84
Thyroid Gland Imaging
......Page 85
Normal Images
......Page 86
Primary Hyperthyroidism
......Page 98
Patient Preparation
......Page 99
Thyroid Carcinoma
......Page 100
PARATHYROID IMAGING AND LOCALIZATION
......Page 102
SALIVARY GLAND IMAGING
......Page 105
SPECT MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING
......Page 108
Principle
......Page 109
Thallium-201
......Page 110
Imaging Protocols
......Page 113
Bull’s Eye (Polar Map) Display
......Page 118
B
......Page 122
Stress
......Page 124
B
......Page 127
Gated SPECT (GSPECT) Imaging
......Page 129
Technique
......Page 130
Data Display and Interpretation
......Page 131
Exercise Stress Protocol
......Page 132
Exercise Protocol
......Page 133
Clinical Applications
......Page 136
Prognosis and Risk Stratification in CAD
......Page 137
Evaluation of Myocardial Revascularization
......Page 138
Myocardial Viability Determination
......Page 140
Evaluation of Acute Chest Pain
......Page 141
Preoperative Risk Assessment for Noncardiac Surgery
......Page 142
Computer Methods
......Page 145
Quantitative Data Display
......Page 146
Technique
......Page 151
Gated Technique
......Page 154
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
......Page 161
SUGGESTED READINGS
......Page 163
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
......Page 165
RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS Perfusion Imaging Agents
......Page 167
Ventilation Imaging Agents
......Page 168
Radiolabeled Aerosols
......Page 169
NORMAL LUNG SCAN Perfusion Scan
......Page 170
Ventilation Scan
......Page 172
Pulmonary Emboli
......Page 173
LUNG SCAN INTERPRETATION
......Page 183
Low and Very Low Probability Lung Scans
......Page 186
Special Situations
......Page 189
Inflammatory Disease
......Page 200
Cardiovascular Abnormalities
......Page 202
LIVER-SPLEEN IMAGING
......Page 209
Abnormal Liver Scan
......Page 211
Alcoholic Liver Disease
......Page 213
Metastatic Disease
......Page 214
Normal Spleen Scan
......Page 217
Abnormal Spleen Scan
......Page 218
Trauma
......Page 219
Nonvisualization of the Spleen
......Page 220
Technique
......Page 222
Radiopharmaceuticals
......Page 225
Clinical Settings
......Page 226
Biliary Obstruction
......Page 232
GASTROESOPHAGEAL FUNCTION STUDIES
......Page 236
Gastroesophageal Reflux
......Page 239
Gastric Emptying
......Page 240
SCHILLING TEST
......Page 242
RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS
......Page 249
TECHNIQUE
......Page 250
NORMAL SCAN
......Page 251
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
......Page 253
Malignant Bone Tumors
......Page 259
Benign Osseous Neoplasms
......Page 260
Soft-Tissue Uptake
......Page 261
Trauma
......Page 275
Osteomyelitis, Cellulitis, and Septic Arthritis
......Page 282
Metabolic Bone Disease
......Page 290
BONE MINERAL MEASUREMENTS
......Page 292
THERAPY OF PAINFUL OSSEOUS METASTASES
......Page 295
Renal Cortical Agents
......Page 300
Functional Renal Imaging
......Page 301
Renography
......Page 302
Quantitation of Renal Function
......Page 304
Camera-Based Clearances
......Page 305
Obstructive Uropathy
......Page 308
Diuretic Renography
......Page 310
Renal Masses
......Page 319
Renal Transplant Evaluation
......Page 320
SCROTAL IMAGING
......Page 324
Testicular Torsion
......Page 325
Adrenal Medullary Imaging
......Page 327
GALLIUM-67 IMAGING
......Page 331
Clinical Applications
......Page 333
Lymphoma
......Page 334
Hepatoma
......Page 335
TECHNETIUM-99M SESTAMIBI TUMOR IMAGING
......Page 337
LABELED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
......Page 338
Somatostatin Receptor Imaging
......Page 339
ADRENAL TUMOR IMAGING
......Page 341
LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY
......Page 342
TREATMENT OF LYMPHOMA WITH RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY
......Page 343
TREATMENT OF HEPATOMA AND LIVER METASTASES WITH MICROSPHERES
......Page 344
Inflammation and Infection Imaging
......Page 347
Clinical Applications
......Page 349
Immunocompromised Patients
......Page 350
Indium-111 Oxine Leukocytes
......Page 354
Technetium-99m HMPAO Leukocytes
......Page 360
MISCELLANEOUS INFLAMMATION AGENTS
......Page 362
INTRODUCTION
......Page 365
BASIC POSITRON PHYSICS
......Page 366
PET INSTRUMENTATION Overview of PET Cameras
......Page 369
2-D Acquisition
......Page 371
3-D Acquisition
......Page 372
PET Detector Geometry
......Page 373
Attenuation Correction
......Page 375
Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose
......Page 377
Radiation Safety
......Page 379
PET IMAGE ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING
......Page 380
PET IMAGE QUANTITATION
......Page 381
PET/CT IMAGING
......Page 382
Blank Scan
......Page 384
IMAGE INTERPRETATION
......Page 393
Epilepsy (Seizures)
......Page 394
Primary Tumors and Metastases
......Page 397
WHOLE-BODY PET IMAGING Inflammation
......Page 401
Neoplasms
......Page 405
Head and Neck Cancer
......Page 410
Lymphomas
......Page 414
Colorectal Cancer
......Page 418
Hepatocelluar Carcinoma (Hepatoma)
......Page 419
Malignant Bone Tumors
......Page 420
Malignant Melanoma
......Page 421
Screening for Occult Tumors or Unknown Primary Tumors
......Page 423
REGULATORY AGENCIES
......Page 431
TYPES OF LICENSES
......Page 432
DOSE LIMITS
......Page 433
RADIATION SAFETY OFFICER
......Page 434
AUTHORIZED NUCLEAR PHARMACIST
......Page 435
RADIATION SAFETY COMMITTEE
......Page 436
Written Directive Required
......Page 439
MEDICAL EVENTS AND REQUIRED REPORTING
......Page 440
MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS
......Page 441
PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS
......Page 442
SURVEYS
......Page 443
WASTE DISPOSAL
......Page 445
SUGGESTED READING
......Page 447
Anterior 24 hr	Anterior 24 hr with transmission scan
......Page 487
ANSWERS TO UNKNOWN CASE SETS
......Page 514
Characteristics of Radionuclides for Imaging and Therapy
......Page 517
          1 MBq = 27.027 μCi
......Page 521
Technetium-99m Decay and Generation Tables
......Page 523
Other Radionuclide* Decay Tables
......Page 524
Injection Techniques and Pediatric Dosage
......Page 527
Sample Techniques for Nuclear Imaging
......Page 529
THYROID SCAN AND UPTAKE (IODINE-123)
......Page 531
THYROID CANCER SCAN
......Page 532
REST GATED EQUILIBRIUM VENTRICULOGRAPHY*
......Page 533
EXERCISE PROTOCOL USING A BRUCE MULTISTAGE OR MODIFIED BRUCE TREADMILL EXERCISE PROTOCOL
......Page 534
PULMONARY VENTILATION SCAN (XENON)
......Page 535
PULMONARY PERFUSION SCAN
......Page 536
SPECT LIVER AND SPLEEN IMAGING
......Page 537
HEPATOBILIARY SCAN
......Page 538
GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING SCAN
......Page 539
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX
......Page 540
LEVEEN SHUNT PATENCY
......Page 541
BONE SCAN
......Page 542
RENAL BLOOD FLOW SCAN
......Page 543
DIURETIC (LASIX) RENOCRAM
......Page 545
RADIONUCLIDE CYSTOGRAM IN CHILDREN
......Page 546
GALLIUM SCAN FOR TUMOR OR INFECTION
......Page 547
SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTOR SCAN WITH INDIUM-111 PENTETREOTIDE
......Page 548
LEUKOCYTE (WHITE BLOOD CELL) SCAN
......Page 549
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY TUMOR IMAGING WITH FLUORINE-18 FLUORO-2-DEOXYGLUCOSE
......Page 550
HEPATOBILIARY IMAGING—99mTc IDA DERIVATIVES
......Page 554
67Ga CITRATE IMAGING
......Page 555
CEREBRAL CISTERNOGRAPHY—111In DTPA
......Page 556
Nonradioactive Pharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine*
......Page 557
SUGGESTED READINGS
......Page 558
PREGNANCY
......Page 559
BREASTFEEDING
......Page 560
Special Considerations and Requirements for Iodine-131 Therapy
......Page 567
NURSING INSTRUCTIONS
......Page 568
Emergency Procedures for Spills of Radioactive Materials
......Page 569
EMERGENCY AUTOPSY OF PATIENTS WHO HAVE RECEIVED THERAPEUTIC AMOUNTS OF RADIONUCLIDES
......Page 570
B
......Page 571
C
......Page 572
D
......Page 573
G
......Page 574
I
......Page 575
L
......Page 576
N
......Page 577
P
......Page 578
R
......Page 579
S
......Page 580
T
......Page 581
W
......Page 582
Y
......Page 583