Essentials of Chemistry, 2nd edition

Essentials of Chemistry (2010 - 2nd Edition)\r......Page 1
ISBN: 9788776815356......Page 4
--> Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 9
1.1.1 Components of the atom......Page 10
1.1.2 Electron movement and electromagnetic radiation......Page 12
1.1.3 Bohr’s atomic model......Page 14
1.1.4 Photons......Page 16
1.1.5 Radioactive decay......Page 19
1.1.6 Wave functions and orbitals......Page 22
1.1.7 Orbital configuration......Page 23
1.2.1 Aufbau principle......Page 26
1.2.2 Electron configuration......Page 27
1.2.3 Categorization of the elements......Page 34
1.2.4 Periodic tendencies......Page 36
1.3 Summing up on chapter 1......Page 42
2. Chemical compounds......Page 43
2.1.1 Bond types (intramolecular forces)......Page 44
2.1.2 Intermolecular forces......Page 45
2.2 Covalent bonds......Page 49
2.2.1 Energy considerations......Page 50
2.2.2 Molecular orbital theory......Page 51
2.2.3 Lewis structure......Page 55
2.2.4 VSEPR theory......Page 65
2.2.5 Orbital hybridization......Page 69
2.3.1 Band theory......Page 75
2.3.2 Lattice structures......Page 77
2.4.1 Ionic character......Page 85
2.4.2 Lattice structures for ionic compounds......Page 87
2.4.3 Energy calculations for ionic compounds......Page 90
2.5 Summing up on chapter 2......Page 93
3.1 Chemical reactions......Page 94
3.2 Reaction rate......Page 95
3.3 Rate expressions......Page 97
3.4 Kinetics and catalysts......Page 98
3.5 Kinetics of radioactive decay......Page 101
3.6 Summing up on chapter 3......Page 104
4.1 Solubility product......Page 105
4.1.1 Relative solubility......Page 106
4.1.2 Ion effects on solubility......Page 108
4.2 Precipitation......Page 110
4.2.1 Selective precipitation......Page 112
4.3 Summing up on chapter 4......Page 113
5.1.1 Acid strength......Page 114
5.1.2 The pH-scale......Page 115
5.1.3 The autoprotolysis of water......Page 116
5.2 pH calculations......Page 117
5.2.2 Calculation of pH in weak acid solutions......Page 118
5.2.3 Calculation of pH in mixtures of weak acids......Page 120
5.3 Polyprotic acids......Page 122
5.4 Acid properties of salts......Page 124
5.4 Ion effects on pH......Page 126
5.5.1 The Buffer equation......Page 128
5.6 Titrations and pH curves......Page 132
5.6.1 Titration of a polyprotic acids......Page 138
5.6.2 Colour indicators for acid/base titration......Page 141
5.7 Summing up on chapter 5......Page 142
6.1 Oxidation and reduction......Page 143
6.1.1 Level of oxidation......Page 144
6.1.2 Methods for balancing redox reactions......Page 146
6.2 Galvanic cells......Page 151
6.3 Standard reduction potentials......Page 153
6.4 Concentration dependency of cell potentials......Page 158
6.5 Batteries......Page 163
6.6 Corrosion......Page 170
6.7 Electrolysis......Page 173
6.8 Summing up on chapter 6......Page 175