Essentials of anatomy & physiology

Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Brief Contents......Page 4
About the Authors......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Taking Anatomy & Physiology to New Heights......Page 11
Making Anatomy & Physiology Intriguing and Inspiring......Page 13
Acknowledgments......Page 22
Chapter 1 The Study of Anatomy and Physiology......Page 24
1.1 Anatomy—The Structural Basis of Human Function......Page 25
1.2 Physiology—Dynamic Processes in the Living Body......Page 31
Perspectives on Health......Page 32
1.3 The Human Body Plan......Page 36
1.4 The Language of Medicine......Page 47
Career Spotlight: Radiologic Technologist......Page 50
Study Guide......Page 51
Chapter 2 Life, Matter, and Energy......Page 54
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules......Page 55
2.2 Water, Acids, and Bases......Page 61
2.3 Organic Compounds......Page 64
Perspectives on Health......Page 75
2.4 Energy and Chemical Reactions......Page 77
Career Spotlight: Medical Technologist......Page 80
Study Guide......Page 81
Chapter 3 The Cellular Level of Organization......Page 84
3.1 The General Structure of Cells......Page 85
3.2 The Cell Surface......Page 87
3.3 The Cell Interior......Page 99
3.4 The Life Cycle of Cells......Page 108
Perspectives on Health......Page 113
Career Spotlight: Cytotechnologist......Page 114
Study Guide......Page 115
Chapter 4 Histology—The Tissue Level of Organization......Page 118
4.1 The Study of Tissues......Page 119
4.2 Epithelial Tissue......Page 122
4.3 Connective Tissue......Page 129
4.4 Nervous and Muscular Tissues—The Excitable Tissues......Page 137
Perspectives on Health......Page 140
4.5 Glands and Membranes......Page 141
4.6 Tissue Growth, Development, Repair, and Death......Page 144
Career Spotlight: Histotechnician......Page 146
Study Guide......Page 147
Chapter 5 The Integumentary System......Page 150
5.1 The Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue......Page 151
Perspectives on Health......Page 157
5.2 Accessory Organs......Page 159
Career Spotlight: Dermatology Nurse......Page 164
Connective Issues......Page 165
Study Guide......Page 166
Chapter 6 The Skeletal System......Page 169
6.1 Skeletal Structure and Function......Page 170
6.2 Bone Development and Metabolism......Page 176
Perspectives on Health......Page 180
6.3 The Axial Skeleton......Page 181
6.4 The Appendicular Skeleton......Page 198
6.5 Joints......Page 207
Career Spotlight: Orthopedic Nurse......Page 219
Connective Issues......Page 220
Study Guide......Page 221
Chapter 7 The Muscular System......Page 224
7.1 Muscular Tissue and Cells......Page 225
7.2 Physiology of Skeletal Muscle......Page 233
7.3 Cardiac and Smooth Muscle......Page 242
7.4 Anatomy of the Muscular System......Page 245
Perspectives on Health......Page 247
Career Spotlight: Massage Therapist......Page 270
Connective Issues......Page 271
Study Guide......Page 272
Chapter 8 The Nervous System I: Nerve Cells, the Spinal Cord, and Reflexes......Page 275
8.1 Cells and Tissues of the Nervous System......Page 276
8.2 The Physiology of Neurons......Page 284
Perspectives on Health......Page 292
8.3 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Reflexes......Page 293
Career Spotlight: Occupational Therapist......Page 304
Study Guide......Page 305
Chapter 9 The Nervous System II: The Brain, Cranial Nerves, and Autonomic Nervous System......Page 308
9.1 Overview of the Brain......Page 309
9.2 Principal Divisions of the Brain......Page 316
9.3 Multiregional Brain Functions......Page 323
9.4 The Cranial Nerves......Page 330
9.5 The Autonomic Nervous System......Page 332
Perspectives on Health......Page 340
Aging of the Nervous System......Page 341
Career Spotlight: Electroneurodiagnostic Technologist......Page 342
Connective Issues......Page 343
Study Guide......Page 344
Chapter 10 The Sense Organs......Page 347
10.1 Receptors and Sensations......Page 348
10.2 The General Senses......Page 351
10.3 The Chemical Senses—Taste and Smell......Page 354
10.4 The Ear—Equilibrium and Hearing......Page 358
10.5 The Eye and Vision......Page 367
Perspectives on Health......Page 378
Career Spotlight: Optician......Page 379
Study Guide......Page 380
Chapter 11 The Endocrine System......Page 383
11.1 Overview of the Endocrine System......Page 384
11.2 Endocrine Physiology......Page 387
11.3 The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland......Page 390
11.4 Other Endocrine Glands and Tissues......Page 396
Perspectives on Health......Page 404
11.5 Stress Physiology......Page 405
Career Spotlight: Diabetes Educator......Page 406
Connective Issues......Page 407
Study Guide......Page 408
Chapter 12 The Circulatory System I: Blood......Page 411
12.1 Introduction......Page 412
12.2 Erythrocytes......Page 416
12.3 Leukocytes......Page 422
Perspectives on Health......Page 426
12.4 Platelets......Page 428
Career Spotlight: Phlebotomist......Page 432
Connective Issues......Page 433
Study Guide......Page 434
Chapter 13 The Circulatory System II: The Heart and Blood Vessels......Page 437
13.1 Overview of the Cardiovascular System......Page 438
13.2 Gross Anatomy of the Heart......Page 441
Perspectives on Health......Page 447
13.3 Physiology of the Heart......Page 448
13.4 General Anatomy of Blood Vessels......Page 456
13.5 Physiology of Circulation......Page 461
13.6 Circulatory Routes and Blood Vessels......Page 467
Aging of the Circulatory System......Page 483
Career Spotlight: Electrocardiographic Technician......Page 484
Connective Issues......Page 485
Study Guide......Page 486
Chapter 14 The Lymphatic System and Immunity......Page 489
14.1 The Lymphatic System......Page 490
14.2 Innate Immunity......Page 499
14.3 Features of Adaptive Immunity......Page 505
14.4 Cellular and Humoral Immunity......Page 510
Perspectives on Health......Page 516
Career Spotlight: Public Health Nurse......Page 517
Connective Issues......Page 518
Study Guide......Page 519
Chapter 15 The Respiratory System......Page 522
15.1 Functions and Anatomy of the Respiratory System......Page 523
15.2 Pulmonary Ventilation......Page 533
Perspectives on Health......Page 538
15.3 Gas Exchange and Transport......Page 539
Career Spotlight: Respiratory Therapist......Page 543
Connective Issues......Page 544
Study Guide......Page 545
Chapter 16 The Urinary System......Page 548
16.1 Functions of the Urinary System......Page 549
16.2 Anatomy of the Kidney......Page 551
16.3 Glomerular Filtration......Page 557
16.4 Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion......Page 562
16.5 Water Conservation......Page 564
Perspectives on Health......Page 566
16.6 Urine Storage and Elimination......Page 567
16.7 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance......Page 571
Career Spotlight: Dialysis Technician......Page 576
Connective Issues......Page 577
Study Guide......Page 578
Chapter 17 The Digestive System......Page 581
17.1 Overview of the Digestive System......Page 582
17.2 The Mouth Through Esophagus......Page 586
17.3 The Stomach......Page 590
17.4 The Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas......Page 597
17.5 The Small Intestine......Page 602
17.6 Chemical Digestion and Absorption......Page 606
17.7 The Large Intestine......Page 610
Career Spotlight: Dental Hygienist......Page 614
Connective Issues......Page 615
Study Guide......Page 616
Chapter 18 Nutrition and Metabolism......Page 619
18.1 Nutrition......Page 620
Perspectives on Health......Page 628
18.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism......Page 629
18.3 Lipid and Protein Metabolism......Page 633
18.4 Metabolic States and Metabolic Rate......Page 637
18.5 Energy Balance and Appetite Regulation......Page 640
18.6 Body Heat and Thermoregulation......Page 643
Career Spotlight: Dietitian......Page 647
Study Guide......Page 648
Chapter 19 The Reproductive System......Page 651
19.1 Essentials of Sexual Reproduction......Page 652
19.2 The Male Reproductive System......Page 653
19.3 The Female Reproductive System......Page 661
19.4 The Production and Union of Sex Cells......Page 669
Perspectives on Health......Page 683
19.5 Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Lactation......Page 684
Career Spotlight: Midwife......Page 690
Connective Issues......Page 691
Study Guide......Page 692
Chapter 20 Human Development and Aging......Page 695
20.1 Fertilization and Preembryonic Development......Page 696
20.2 The Embryonic and Fetal Stages......Page 703
Perspectives on Health......Page 713
20.3 The Neonate......Page 714
20.4 Aging, Senescence, and Death......Page 719
Career Spotlight: Genetic Counselor......Page 723
Study Guide......Page 724
Appendix A: Answer Keys......Page 727
Appendix B: Health Science Careers......Page 734
Appendix C: Symbols, Weights, and Measures......Page 737
Appendix D: Biomedical Word Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes......Page 739
Appendix E: Periodic Table of the Elements......Page 743
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