Essential Geriatrics

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Foreword
About the Author
Introduction
Part A Healthcare for older people
	Chapter 1 Ageing
		Biogerontology
		Theories of ageing
		Epidemiology of ageing
		Physiological changes caused by ageing
		Frailty
		Illness presentations in frail older people
		References
	Chapter 2 Care
		Comprehensive geriatric assessment
		High-quality care for older people
		Rehabilitation
		Swallowing
		Rehabilitation equipment
		Home adaptations
		Discharge
		Community support
		Health promotion
		Ageism
		Abuse of older people
		Further reading
		References
	Chapter 3 Medications
		Why do people take medications?
		Evidence-based medicine
		Basic statistics
		Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
		Potentially inappropriate medicines
		Medication-related harm
		Polypharmacy
		Medication adherence
		Medication optimisation and deprescribing
		References
	Chapter 4 Peri-operative medicine
		Surgery for older people
		Abdominal pain
		Head injury
		References
	Chapter 5 Palliative care
		A ‘good’ death
		Common symptoms
		Advance care planning
		References
	Questions for part A
Part B Brain
	Chapter 6 Dementia
		Definition
		Epidemiology
		Cognition
		Assessment
		Differential diagnosis of dementia
		Distinguishing dementia subtypes
		Specific conditions causing dementia
		Preventing and reducing the progression of dementia
		Non-pharmacological management
		Pharmacological management
		Legal issues
		Late phase
		References
	Chapter 7 Delirium
		Clinical features
		Epidemiology
		Pathophysiology
		Risk factors
		Causes
		Assessment
		Prevention
		Multicomponent interventions
		Management
		Outcome
		Rare causes of delirium
		References
	Chapter 8 Depression
		Epidemiology
		Subtypes of depression
		Assessment
		Treatment
		Depression and dementia
		Anxiety
		References
	Chapter 9 Movement disorders
		Assessment
		Parkinsonism
		Parkinson’s disease
		Treatment of Parkinson’s disease
		Dementia with Lewy bodies
		Progressive supranuclear palsy
		Multiple system atrophy
		Corticobasal degeneration
		Drug-induced movement disorders
		Vascular parkinsonism
		Essential tremor
		Restless legs syndrome
		References
	Chapter 10 Stroke
		Definitions
		Epidemiology
		Subtypes of stroke
		Assessment
		Subtypes of stroke
		Localisation of the event
		Ischaemic strokes and TIAs
		Acute treatment of ischaemic stroke
		Secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke and TIA
		Prognosis of ischaemic stroke
		Intracerebral haemorrhage
		Subarachnoid haemorrhage
		Subacute treatment of stroke
		Less common causes of stroke
		Differential diagnoses of stroke
		References
	Questions for part B
Part C Bladder and bowel
	Chapter 11 Urinary tract disorders
		Urinary tract infection
		Treatment
		Urinary incontinence
		Nocturia
		Prostate disorders
		References
	Chapter 12 Bowel disorders
		Constipation
		Diarrhoea
		Faecal incontinence
		References
	Questions for part C
Part D Falls and related topics
	Chapter 13 Dizziness
		Vertigo
		Lightheadedness
		References
	Chapter 14 Falls
		Background
		Assessment
		Examination
		Investigations
		Treatment
		Preventing falls in hospitals
		References
	Chapter 15 Syncope
		Assessment
		Causes of syncope
		Treatment of OH, VDCSS and VVS
		Cardiac syncope
		References
	Chapter 16 Bones and fractures
		Bone physiology
		Osteomalacia
		Osteoporosis
		Assessment
		Treatment
		Treatment strategy
		Fragility fractures
		References
	Questions for part D
Part E Cardiovascular and respiratory
	Chapter 17 Heart failure
		Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
		Assessment
		Management
		Loop diuretics
		Thiazide diuretics
		Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
		Angiotensin type II receptor blockers
		Beta-blockers
		Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
		Sacubitril/valsartan
		Ivabradine
		Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors
		Digoxin
		Hydralazine and nitrates
		References
	Chapter 18 Hypertension
		Introduction
		Assessment
		Treatment
		References
	Chapter 19 Atrial fibrillation
		Prevention of thromboembolic complications
		Rhythm control
		Rate control
		References
	Chapter 20 Acute coronary syndromes
		Presentation
		Investigations
		Prognosis
		References
	Chapter 21 Chest
		Pneumonia
		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
		Influenza
		COVID-19
		Pulmonary embolism
		References
	Questions for part E
Part F Selected topics
	Chapter 22 Selected topics
		Anaemia
		Arthritis
		Cancer
		Epilepsy
		Hypothermia
		Leg ulcers
		Motor neuron disease
		Myopathy
		Pressure ulcers
		Type 2 diabetes
		References
	Questions for part F
Appendix A: Rrating scales
Appendix B: Abbreviations
Appendix C: Answers to questions
Index