Essential Clinical Procedures

Title page
Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
Videos
Chapter 1: Anoscopy
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 2: Arterial Puncture
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 3: Blood Pressure Measurement
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Selecting Proper Cuff Size
	Time of Measurement
	Training and Competencies
	Materials for Blood Pressure Measurement
	Special Considerations
	Assessment of Orthostatic Blood Pressure
	Materials for Measuring Orthostatic Blood Pressure
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 4: Casting and Splinting
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Expected Outcomes
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Materials Used for Applying a Short-Arm Cast
	Materials Used for Applying a Short-Leg Cast
	Materials Used for Applying a Short-Arm Ulnar Gutter Splint
	Materials Used for Applying a Short-Leg Posterior Mold Splint
	Materials Used for Applying a Lower Leg Sugar Tong Splint
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
	Future Considerations
Chapter 5: Cryosurgery
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 6: Dermatologic Procedures
	Abstract
	Biopsy
	Materials Used to Perform a Shave or Saucerization Biopsy
	Materials Used to Perform a Snip Biopsy
	Materials Used to Perform a Cure ttage
	Punch Biopsy
	Materials Used to Perform a Punch Biopsy
	Excisional Biopsy
	Materials Used to Perform an Excisional Biopsy
	Electrosurgery
	Materials Used to Perform Electrosurgery
	Acne Surgery
	Materials Used to Perform Acne Surgery
Chapter 7: Draining/Evacuation of Subungual Hematomas
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
	Disposal of Materials
Chapter 8: Endometrial Biopsy
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy
	Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
	Supplementary and Alternative Procedures
Chapter 9: Endotracheal Intubation
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Pharmacology
	Local Anesthetics
	Other Methods of Anesthesia
	Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs
	Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blockade Agents
	Physical Preparation
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 10: Epistaxis and Nasal Foreign Body Removal
	Abstract
	Epistaxis
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Cause of Nasal Bleeding and Pathophysiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
	Nasal Foreign Body Removal
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Materials
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 11: Foot Examination of the Patient With Diabetes
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Review of Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials Utilized for Performing the Diabetic Foot Examination
	Special Considerations
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 12: Incision and Drainage of an Abscess
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Clinical Evaluation
	Treatment
	Source of Infection
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Pain Relief
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 13: Injections
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Documentation and Follow-Up Care
Chapter 14: Inserting Intravenous Catheters
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 15: Joint and Bursal Aspiration
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Pathophysiology: Joint Aspiration
	Patient Preparation: Joint Aspiration
	Materials Used for Performing Joint and Bursal Aspiration
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions: Joint Aspiration
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology: Bursal Aspiration
	Patient Preparation: Bursal Aspiration
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions: Bursal Aspiration
Chapter 16: Local Anesthesia
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Patient Preparation
	Materials Used for Administering Anesthetics
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 17: Lumbar Puncture
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 18: Nasogastric Tube Placement
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 19: Obtaining Blood Cultures
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Follow-up Care and Instructions
	Disposal of Materials
Chapter 20: Office Pulmonary Function Testing
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications and Patient Considerations
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 21: Introduction to Point-of-Care Ultrasonography (POCUS)
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Pro Tips and Trouble Shooting
Chapter 22: Procedural Sedation
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Definitions
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Patient Preparation
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Materials
	Monitoring
	Agents for Procedural Sedation
	Discharge Criteria
Chapter 23: Recording an Electrocardiogram
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Long-Term ECG Recording
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 24: Reduction of the Shoulder/Finger Subluxations
	Abstract
	Shoulder Subluxation or Dislocation
	Finger Subluxation or Dislocation
	Distal Interphalangeal Joint
	Metacarpophalangeal Joint
	Referral Decisions
Chapter 25: Removal of Cerumen and Foreign Bodies From the Ear
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications2,6,10
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 26: Ring Removal
	Abstract
	Background and history
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential complications
	Essential anatomy and physiology
	Patient preparation
	Materials
	Special considerations
	Standard precautions
	Follow-up care and instructions
	Disposal of materials
Chapter 27: The Pelvic Examination and Obtaining a Routine Papanicolaou Smear
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Internal Anatomy
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
	Interpretation of the Pap Test
Chapter 28: Trauma-Oriented Ocular Examination, Corneal Abrasion, and Ocular Foreign Body Removal
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Cautions and Considerations
	Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
	Patient Discharge Instructions for Corneal Abrasion
Chapter 29: Treating Ingrown Toenails
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 30: Urinary Bladder Catheterization
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Types of Catheters
	Catheter Size Requirements
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
Chapter 31: Venipuncture
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
	Disposal of Materials
Chapter 32: Wound Closure
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Potential Complications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Classification of Wounds
	Wound Closure Classification
	Patient Preparation
	Materials Used for Performing Irrigation, Cleansing, and Debridement
	Suture Selection
	Other Instruments
	Special Considerations
	Materials Used for Using Skin Staplers
	Materials Used for Applying Wound Adhesives
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions for Sutured or Stapled Wounds
	Suture Removal
	Staple Removal
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions for Adhesive-Closed Wounds
	Example of a Wound Closure Procedure Note
	Disposal of Materials
Chapter 33: Wound Dressing Techniques
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Essential Anatomy and Physiology
	Wound Healing
	Prevention of Infection in Wounds
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy
	Follow-Up Care and Instructions
	Conclusion and Resources
Chapter 34: Informed Consent
	Abstract
	Brief History of Informed Consent
	The Clinician-to-Patient Relationship: An Enduring Bond
	The Four Cs: Capacity, Competency, Clarity, and Consent
	Minors
	Standards of Disclosure
	Types of Consent
	Capacity Concerns
	Handling Patient Lack of Capacity
	A Long View of Informed Consent: When Consent Lives On and On
	Codes of Ethics
Chapter 35: Standard Precautions
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Body Substance Isolation
	Universal Precautions
	Standard Precautions
	Gloves, Gowns, Masks, and Other Protective Barriers as Part of Universal Precautions
	The Application of Standard Precautions in Clinical Procedures
Chapter 36: Sterile Technique
	Abstract
	Statements
	Background and History
	Indications and Principles of Sterile Technique
	Contraindications and Potential Complications
	Patient Preparation
	Materials
	Special Considerations
	Follow-up Care and Instructions
	Disposal of Materials
Chapter 37: Patient Education Concepts
	Abstract
	Background and History
	A Model for Patient Education
	Appropriate use of Interviewing Techniques
	Specific Suggestions for Enhancing the Patient Education Process
	Other Factors Influencing Patient Education
	Conclusion
Chapter 38: Outpatient Coding for Medical Services
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Purpose of Accurate Medical Record Documentation
	The Outpatient Coding Process
	Criteria in Selecting the Proper Evaluation and Management Service Codes
	Historical Data Collection
	Example A
	Example B
	Medical Decision-Making
	Types of Medical Decision Making
	Example C
	Other Contributing Factors in Documentation and Coding of Patient Encounters
	Summary
Chapter 39: Procedural Notes and Documentation
	Abstract
	Background and History
	Other Points for Consideration in Recording Clinical Procedures
	Clinical Procedure Notes
	Clinical Procedure Note Format
	Conclusion
Chapter 40: Giving Sad and Bad News
	Background and History
	Indications
	Preparing to Share Bad News
	A Procedure for Sharing Bad News
	Disbelief
	Shock
	Denial
	Fear and Anxiety
	Guilt
	Depression
	Crying and Tears
	Awkward Question
	Sad and Bad News Presented to Children
	Conclusion and Further Thoughts
Index