Epistemology (First Books in Philosophy)

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 10
The Subject Matter of Epistemology......Page 13
Metaepistemology vs. Applied Epistemology......Page 17
Applied epistemology......Page 18
Metaepistemology......Page 20
Notes......Page 23
2 The Analysis of Knowledge......Page 24
The Standards of Evidence and Knowledge......Page 26
Puzzles Involving Closure......Page 28
Contextualism......Page 30
Error Theory and Knowledge Claims as Elliptical......Page 34
Closure Again......Page 36
Gettier Problems......Page 37
Epistemic Rationality......Page 42
Notes......Page 43
Justification and Normativity......Page 45
Having Justification for a Belief and Having a Justified Belief......Page 48
Foundationalism......Page 49
The principle of inferential justification......Page 50
The epistemic regress argument......Page 52
The conceptual regress argument......Page 53
The Coherence Theory of Justification......Page 55
Infinitism......Page 61
Radical Skepticism......Page 62
Notes......Page 63
Introduction......Page 65
Internal state internalism......Page 66
Access internalism......Page 68
Internalism and nonnaturalism......Page 70
Noninferential justification and infallible belief......Page 71
Noninferential justification as infallible justification......Page 73
Acquaintance and noninferential justification......Page 74
Acquaintance and a priori justification......Page 78
Traditional foundationalism and internal state internalism......Page 81
Traditional foundationalism and access internalism......Page 83
Noninferential justification and the rejection of naturalistic epistemology......Page 84
Notes......Page 85
Introduction......Page 87
Goldman’s early causal theory......Page 88
Nozick’s tracking account of knowledge......Page 89
Goldman’s reliabilism......Page 92
Criticisms of externalism......Page 95
The causal theory......Page 96
Nozick’s tracking account......Page 97
Reliabilism......Page 98
Hallucination and justification......Page 104
BonJour’s objections......Page 108
Epistemic justification and assurance......Page 109
Notes......Page 110
Introduction......Page 112
Inferential Internalism......Page 113
Inferential Externalism......Page 120
Reliabilist accounts of inferential justification......Page 121
Mixed Views and Derivative Concepts of Inferential Justification......Page 125
Suggested readings......Page 127
Notes......Page 128
Kinds of Skepticism......Page 129
Global Skepticism......Page 130
Local Skepticism......Page 131
An Illustration: The Problems of Perception......Page 132
Another Illustration: The Problem of Memory......Page 139
Other Skeptical Problems......Page 140
Noninferential justification......Page 141
Inferential justification......Page 143
Internalist Responses to the Skeptic......Page 145
Notes......Page 147
Bibliography......Page 149
Index......Page 152