Epigenetics of Cancer Prevention (Volume 8) (Translational Epigenetics (Volume 8))

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Translational Epigenetics Series
Epigenetics of Cancer Prevention
Copyright
Contributors
Foreword
Part I: MOLECULAR EPIGENETIC
TARGETS OF NATURAL
PRODUCTS
1. Genetic and Epigenetic Targets of Natural Dietary Compounds as Anticancer Agents
	Introduction
	Genetic Mutations in Cancer Targeted by Natural Dietary Products
		Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
		p53
		K-Ras
	Mechanisms of Epigenetic Modifications
		DNA Methylation
		Histone Modification
		Noncoding RNAs
	Epigenetic Targets Modified by Natural Dietary Products Against Cancer
		DNMT
		HDAC
		HAT
		miRNA
	Conclusion
	References
2. Epigenetic Dietary Interventions for Prevention of Cancer
	Introduction
	Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Activity
		Altered DNA Methylation and Abnormal Gene Expression
			DNA Methyltransferases and Demethylases During Cancer Progression
		Histone Modification
			Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases
			Histone Methyltransferases and Demethylases
	Epigenetic Therapy of Cancer
	Cancer and Lifestyle Risk Factors
	Epigenetic Actions of Dietary Phytochemicals
		DNA Methylation and Dietary Modulators
			Role of Methyl Donors and Nutrients of One-Carbon Metabolism in DNA Methylation
			Polyphenols Possessing the Catechol Group
			Soy Isoflavones and Phytoestrogens
			Parthenolide and Curcumin
			Selenium and Zinc
			Sulforaphane
			Retinoic Acid
		Plant-Derived Natural Compound and Histone Modifications
			Dietary Fiber (Butyrate)
			Cambinol and Dihydrocoumarin
			Isothiocyanates
			Anacardic Acid
			Allyl Compounds
			Polyphenols
			Selenium
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
3. Natural Anticancer Agents: Modifying the Epigenome to Prevent and Treat Cancer
	Introduction: Epigenetics and Cancer Prevention
	Epigenetic Mechanisms for Cancer Intervention
		Role of DNA Methylation
		Role of DNA Histone Modification
		Role of Noncoding RNAs
	Epigenetically Sensitive Cancers and Targets for Interventions
	Natural Products: Source of Epigenetic Modifiers
		Polyphenolic Compounds
			Apigenin
			Curcumin
			Epigallocatechin Gallate
			Genistein
			Quercetin
			Kaempferol
			Luteolin
			Resveratrol
		Sulfur-Containing Compounds
			Diallyl Disulfide and DIM
		Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Isothiocyanates
			Berberine
			Sulforaphane
		Other Compounds of Natural Origin With Epigenetic Properties
	Model Systems: Preclinical Evaluation of Potential Epigenetic Modifiers From Nature
	Natural Epigenetic Compounds as Adjuvants for Cancer Therapy
	Conclusions and Future Research Directions
	References
	Further Reading
4. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Cancer Prevention and Therapy
	Introduction
		Genome Organization
		Regulation of Gene Expression
	Acetylation of Histone and Nonhistone Proteins Regulates Their Functions
		Histones
		Nonhistone Proteins
	Histone Deacetylase Complexes Are Responsible for the Deacetylation of Histones and Nonhistone Proteins
	Histone Deacetylase Complexes Regulate Many Cellular Processes
		Cell Cycle
		Apoptosis
		Tumor Cell Immunogenicity
		Differentiation
		DNA Damage and Repair
		Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species
		Autophagy
		Gene Transcription
		Angiogenesis
		Natural and Synthetic Histone Deacetylase Complex Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy
		Short-Chain Fatty Acids
		Hydroxamic Acids
		Cyclic Peptides
		Depsipeptides
		Benzamides
		Dietary Polyphenols
			Flavonoids
			Ally Derivatives
			Isothiocyanates
			Other Polyphenols
		HDACs in Cancer and Current and Emerging HDAC Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy
		Breast Cancer
		Colorectal Cancer
		Pancreatic Cancer
		Lung Cancer
		Gastric Cancer
		Liver Cancer/Hepatocellular Carcinoma
		Hematological Cancers
		Histone Deacetylase Complex Inhibitors in Development
		Histone Deacetylase Complex Selective Inhibitors
			HDAC1/HDAC2
			HDAC3
			HDAC 4,5,7,9 (Class IIa HDAC)
			HDAC6 (Class IIb HDAC)
			HDAC8
		Hybrid Molecules
	Conclusion
	References
5. Epigenetic Effects of Curcumin in Cancer Prevention
	Introduction
	Curcumin
	Modulation of Epigenetic Mechanisms by Dietary Curcumin
	DNA Methylation
	Histone Acetyltransferases and Histone Deacetylases
	Curcumin as an Epigenetic Modulator in microRNAs
	Colon Cancer
	Pancreatic Cancer
	Lung Cancer
	Breast Cancer
	Prostate Cancer
	Melanoma
	Other Cancers
	Conclusions
	Abbreviations
	Acknowledgments
	References
6. The Epigenetic Targets of Berry Anthocyanins in Cancer Prevention
	Introduction
	Biological, Pharmacological, and Anticancer Activities of Berries
	Anthocyanin
	Chemical Structure of Anthocyanins
	Anticancer Effects of Berry Anthocyanins
	Epigenetic Regulation in Cancer
		DNA Methylation
		Histone Modifications
		Noncoding RNA (Microribonucleic Acid miRNAs)
	Epigenetic Targets of Berry Anthocyanins in Cancer Prevention
	Conclusion and Future Perspective
	Abbreviations
	References
7. Isothiocyanates, Epigenetics, and Cancer Prevention
	Introduction
	Cancer Epigenetics
		Aberrations in DNA Methylation
		Histone Posttranslational Modifications
		microRNAs
	Isothiocyanates as Epigenetic Modifiers in Cancer
		DNA Methylation
		Histone Posttranslational Modifications
		microRNAs
	Conclusions
	References
8. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Resveratrol and Its Analogs in Cancer Prevention and Treatment
	Introduction
	Epigenetics and Diet
	Resveratrol and Its Analogs
	Resveratrol and Its Analogs as Regulators of DNA Methylation
	Resveratrol and Its Analogs as Regulators of Histone Modifications
	Resveratrol and Its Analogs as Regulators of microRNAs
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
9. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Quercetin and Other Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy and Prevention
	Introduction
	Epigenetic Mechanisms: A General Description
		DNA Methylation
		Posttranslational Modifications of Histones
		Noncoding RNA
	Epigenetic Mechanisms of Flavonoids
		Quercetin
		Other Flavonoids
	Future Perspectives
	Conclusions
	References
Part II: ORGAN SPECIFIC
EPIGENETIC TARGETS OF
NATURAL PRODUCTS
10. Dietary Phytochemicals, Epigenetics, and Colon Cancer Chemoprevention
	Introduction
	Plant Phytochemicals and Medicinal Value
		Terpenoids
		Monoterpenes
		Diterpenes
		Triterpenes
		Tetraterpenes
		Polyphenols
		Phytosterols
		Organosulfur Compounds
		Alkaloids
	Epigenetics and Phytochemicals in Colorectal Cancers
		Resveratrol
		Curcumin
		Sulforaphane
		Butyrate
		Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate
		Genistein
		Other Phytochemicals
	Conclusions
	References
11. Epigenetic Aspects of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Chemoprevention
	Introduction
	Chemoprevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Bioactive Food Compound–Induced Epigenetic Modulation
		Methyl Donors
		Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate
		Retinoids
		Selenium
		Curcumin
		Resveratrol
		Butyrate
		Sulforaphane
		Allyl Compounds
		β-Ionone
	Chemoprevention and Epigenetic Modulation of Hepatocarcinogenesis With Synthetic Compounds
		Statins
		Metformin
		Aspirin
	Conclusion and Perspectives
	References
12. Epigenetic Control of Pancreatic Carcinogenesis and Its Regulation by Natural Products
	Introduction
	Pancreatic Cancer
	DNA Methylation-Mediated Epigenetic Modifications in Pancreatic Cancer
		Regulation of Oncogenes and Tumor-Suppressor Genes by DNA Methylation
		Regulation of microRNAs Through DNA Methylation
	Chromatin-Remodeling-Based Regulation of Gene Expression
	Epigenetics-Based Diagnostic Biomarkers for Pancreatic Cancer
	Modulation of Epigenetic Alterations by Phytochemicals
	Conclusions and Perspectives
	Acknowledgments
	References
13. Phytochemicals as Epigenetic Modifiers for Cancer Management With Special Reference to Lung Cancer
	Introduction
	Epigenetic Modification in Lung Cancer DNA Methylation
		Histone Modification and Lung Cancer
		MicroRNAs and Lung Cancer
	Targeting Cancer Epigenetic Modification by Phytochemicals
		Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate
		Curcumin
		Genistein
		Sulforaphane
		Other Phytochemicals
	Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	Acknowledgments
	References
14. Epigenetics of Prostate Cancer and Novel Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Approaches
	Introduction
	Prostate Cancer Epigenome and Its Regulation by Different Epigenetic Modulators
		DNA Methylation in Prostate Cancer
		Histone Modifications in Prostate Cancer
		microRNAs: Important Regulators of the Prostate Cancer Epigenome
	Epigenetic Regulation of microRNA Expression in Prostate Cancer
		Regulation of microRNA Expression by DNA Methylation in Prostate Cancer
		Regulation of microRNA Expression by Histone Modifications in Prostate Cancer
	Prostate Cancer Epigenome and Therapeutic Approaches
	Role of Dietary Supplements/Nutraceuticals in Regulating the Prostate Cancer Epigenome
		Dietary Modulators of DNA Methylation/DNA Methyltransferases in Prostate Cancer
		Dietary Modulators of Histone Modifications in Prostate Cancer
	Role of Nutraceuticals as Therapeutics for Regulation of Epigenome and Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer via microRNAs
		Genistein
		Curcumin
		Resveratrol
		Isothiocyanates
		Carotenoids
		Tea Polyphenols
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
15. Prevention of Breast Cancer by Food Bioactives in Relation to Cancer Subtypes: Epigenetic Mechanisms
	Introduction
		Breast Cancer Subtypes
		Breast Cancer Subtypes and Therapies
		Epigenetics of Breast Cancer
			DNA Methylation
			Histone Posttranslational Modifications
			Noncoding RNA
		Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes and Dietary Prevention
			Epigenetic Silencing of Breast Cancer 1
			Prevention of Breast Cancer 1–Silencing With Dietary AhR Antagonists
			Soy Isoflavones
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
16. Epigenomics of Ovarian Cancer and Its Chemoprevention
	Introduction
	DNA Methylation and Ovarian Cancer
	Histone Modifications and Ovarian Cancer
	MicroRNAs and Ovarian Cancer
	Epigenetic Biomarkers of Ovarian Cancer Detection
	Epigenetics and Resistance to Chemotherapy
	Chemoprevention
	Epigenetic Therapy
	Conclusions
	References
Part III: MISCELLANEOUS
17. Dietary and Lifestyle Factors in Epigenetic Regulation of Cancer
	Introduction
	Mechanisms Underlying Epigenetic Regulation
	Endogenous Factors Affecting the Epigenome
	Summary and Conclusions
	Abbreviations
	Acknowledgments
	Refernces
	Further Reading
18. Epigenetics, Public Health, Lifestyle, and Chemoprevention
	Introduction
	Environment, genome, and epigenome are the “Bermuda Triangle” of developmental programming
		Influence of the Environment on the Epigenome and Epigenetic Reprogramming
	Epigenetic Effects of Industry Environmental Pollutants
	Effects on the Epigenome of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
	Effects of Lifestyle on the Epigenome
		Epigenetics, Lifestyle, and Chemoprevention
	Conclusion
	References
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	Z
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