Environmental Remote Sensing in Egypt (Springer Geophysics)

Preface
Contents
Part I Introduction
1 Introduction to “Environmental Remote Sensing in Egypt”
	1.1 Background
	1.2 Themes of the Book
	1.3 Chapters’ Summaries
		1.3.1 Introduction to the Book and Its Themes
		1.3.2 Environmental Applications
		1.3.3 Water Quality and Pollution
		1.3.4 Environment and Climate Change
		1.3.5 Hydrology and Geomorphology
	References
2 Overview for Recent Applications of Remote Sensing in Egypt
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS) in Egypt
		2.2.1 Establishment of NARSS
		2.2.2 Contribution of NARSS to the Field of Remote Sensing
	2.3 Survey for Recent Publications of Remote Sensing in Egypt
	2.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
3 Egypt’s Environment from Satellite
	3.1 Overall Egypt’s Satellite Image
		3.1.1 Egypt Gift of the Nile and Egyptians
		3.1.2 The Topography of Egypt
		3.1.3 The Egypt’s Agricultural Lands
		3.1.4 Landsat Surface Temperature of Egypt
		3.1.5 Desertification Processes from Satellite Image
	3.2 The Nile Delta and Valley Land
	3.3 The Most Important Nile Islands
		3.3.1 Sedimentary Islands
		3.3.2 Sedimentary-Rocky Islands North of the Aswan Reservoir
		3.3.3 Rocky Island
		3.3.4 Immersion of Islands
	3.4 The Major Wadis of Egypt
		3.4.1 Wadi Feiran
		3.4.2 Wadi Mukattab
		3.4.3 Wadi Maghera
		3.4.4 Wadi El-Kharit
		3.4.5 Wadi Shait
		3.4.6 Wadi Abbad
	3.5 Top 10 Canyons in South Sinai
		3.5.1 White Canyon
		3.5.2 Arada Canyon (Double Canyon)
		3.5.3 Coloured Canyon
		3.5.4 Kharaza
		3.5.5 Wadi Sagar
		3.5.6 Ubugiya
		3.5.7 Wadi Isla Gorge
		3.5.8 Closed Canyon
		3.5.9 Wishwashi Canyon
		3.5.10 Salama Canyon
	3.6 Canals in Egypt
		3.6.1 El-Salam Canal from Above
		3.6.2 New Suez Canal: View from Above
	3.7 Lakes in Egypt
		3.7.1 Northwestern and Eastern Coastal Lakes and Lagoons
		3.7.2 Ancient Rivers and Lakes
		3.7.3 Southern Egypt’s Lakes
	3.8 Depressions and Oases
		3.8.1 Wadi El-Natrun Lakes
		3.8.2 Qattara Depression from the Satellite
		3.8.3 Siwa Oasis
		3.8.4 El-Faiyum and Wadi El-Rayyan Lakes
		3.8.5 El-Farafra Oasis Development: From Lake to Sand
	3.9 Protected Areas in Egypt
		3.9.1 Ras Mohammed
		3.9.2 Zaranik Protected Area
		3.9.3 Al Ahrash Protected Area
		3.9.4 The Elba Protected Area
		3.9.5 Salouga and Ghazal
		3.9.6 St. Catherine National Park
		3.9.7 Lake Qarun Nature Reserve
		3.9.8 Wadi El-Rayyan
		3.9.9 Wadi El-Allaqi
		3.9.10 Wadi Asuiti
		3.9.11 Petrified Forest Protected Area
		3.9.12 Sannur Valley Cave
		3.9.13 Nabq
		3.9.14 Abu Galum
		3.9.15 Taba
		3.9.16 El-Borollus Lake
		3.9.17 Degla Valley
	3.10 Conclusions: Seeing the Whole Egypt from Space
	References
Part II Environmental Applications
4 Environmental Applications of Remote Sensing in Egypt: A Review and an Outlook
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Impacts of Global Environmental Aspects on Local Environment
	4.3 Common Environmental Applications of Satellite Remote Sensing in Egypt
		4.3.1 Environmental Geology
		4.3.2 Land Use and Land Cover Classification
		4.3.3 Water Resources and Management
		4.3.4 Agriculture and Biomass
		4.3.5 Monitoring Arid Environment
		4.3.6 Sea Water and Coastal Zone Applications
		4.3.7 Atmospheric Remote Sensing Applications
	4.4 An Outlook of Remote Sensing Applications in Egypt
		4.4.1 Modeling Approach in Remote Sensing
		4.4.2 Horizontal and Vertical Expansion of Remote Sensing Applications
		4.4.3 Holistic View of Remote Sensing Applications: Studying the Earth System
	4.5 Conclusions
	4.6 Recommendations
	References
5 Radar Remote Sensing Applications in Egypt
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Spaceborne Radar Systems
		5.2.1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
		5.2.2 Satellite Scatterometery
		5.2.3 Radar Altimeters (RA)
	5.3 Applications of Radar Remote Sensing in Egypt
		5.3.1 Single- and Dual-Polarization SAR
		5.3.2 Polarimetric SAR Applications
		5.3.3 Interferometric SAR Applications
		5.3.4 Radar Altimetry Applications
	5.4 An Outlook on Future Radar Applications in Egypt
	5.5 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
6 Application of Remote Sensing for Monitoring Changes in Natural Ecosystems: Case Studies from Egypt
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Recent Applications of Remote Sensing: Case Studies in Egypt
	6.3 Changes in Coastal Saltmarsh Distribution as an Indicator of Climate Change
		6.3.1 Problem Statement
		6.3.2 Methodology
		6.3.3 Results and Discussion
	6.4 Modeling the Distribution of Plant Communities in Moghra Oasis
		6.4.1 Problem Statement
		6.4.2 Methodology
		6.4.3 Results and Discussion
	6.5 Conclusions
	6.6 Recommendations
	References
7 Hyperspectral Based Assessment of Mosquito Breeding Water in Suez Canal Zone, Egypt
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Materials and Methods
		7.2.1 Study Area
		7.2.2 Mosquito Larval Collection
		7.2.3 Physicochemical Characterization of Larval Habitats
		7.2.4 Hyperspectral Data Acquisition
		7.2.5 Hyperspectral Data Processing
		7.2.6 Statistical Analysis
	7.3 Results and Discussions
		7.3.1 Physicochemical Characteristics of Breeding Water
		7.3.2 Hyperspectral Characteristics of Breeding Water
		7.3.3 General Characterization of Mosquito Breeding Habitats
		7.3.4 Benefits of Using Hyperspectral Data in the Present Study
	7.4 Conclusions
	References
Part III 
Water Quality and Pollution
8 
Satellite Image Data Integrationfor Groundwater Exploration in Egypt
9 
Monitoring and Protection of EgyptianNorthern Lakes Using Remote SensingTechnology
10 
An Overview of the Environmentaland Anthropogenic Hazards ThreateningLake Nasser, Egypt NationalWaterReservoir
11 
Oil Pollution in the MediterraneanWaters of Egypt
12 
Oil Pollution in the Northern Red Sea:A Threat to the Marine Environmentand Tourism Development
13 
Satellite Monitoring of the Nile Riverand the Surrounding Vegetation
Part IV 
Environment and Climate Change
14 
Remote Sensing and Modeling of ClimateChanges in Egypt
15 
Qualitative and Quantitative Assessmentof Land Degradation and Desertificationin Egypt Based on Satellite RemoteSensing: Urbanization, SalinizationandWind Erosion
Part V 
Hydrology and Geomorphology
16 
Landscapes of Egypt
17 
IntegratedWatershed Managementof Grand Ethiopian Renaissance DamviaWatershed Modeling Systemand Remote Sensing
18 
Quantitative Analysis of ShorelineDynamics Along the MediterraneanCoastal Strip of Egypt. Case Study:Marina El-Alamein Resort
Part VI 
Conclusions
19 
Update, Conclusions,and Recommendationsof “Environmental Remote Sensingin Egypt”