Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering

Contents......Page 6
Acknowledgments......Page 9
Preface......Page 10
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Environmental Control in the Petroleum Industry......Page 14
Overview of Environmental Issues......Page 15
A New Attitude......Page 24
Drilling......Page 31
Production......Page 52
Air Emissions......Page 70
Measuring Toxicity......Page 84
Hydrocarbons......Page 90
Salt......Page 109
Heavy Metals......Page 113
Production Chemicals......Page 118
Drilling Fluids......Page 119
Produced Water......Page 133
Nuclear Radiation......Page 134
Air Pollution......Page 139
Acoustic Impacts......Page 140
Risk Assessment......Page 141
Surface Paths......Page 152
Subsurface Paths......Page 153
Atmospheric Paths......Page 155
CHAPTER 5 Planning for Environmental Protection......Page 157
Environmental Audits......Page 158
Waste Management Plans......Page 162
Waste Management Actions......Page 164
Certification of Disposal Processes......Page 175
Contingency Plans......Page 176
Employee Training......Page 178
Treatment of Water......Page 185
Treatment of Solids......Page 198
Treatment of Air Emissions......Page 207
Surface Disposal......Page 216
Subsurface Disposal......Page 220
Site Assessment......Page 229
Remediation Processes......Page 233
APPENDIX A: Environmental Regulations......Page 243
United States Federal Regulations......Page 244
Regulations in Other Countries......Page 262
Cost of Environmental Compliance......Page 263
Rain Forests......Page 269
Arctic Regions......Page 270
APPENDIX C: Major U.S. Chemical Waste Exchanges......Page 271
Natural Dispersion of Oil......Page 274
Enhanced Removal of Oil......Page 277
D......Page 284
M......Page 285
S......Page 286
W......Page 287